TK 

566 | 

.Lta 










» 



1893 o7 

/ 

. ? GA > 


















































* 














































































> . 




























































































' 

























No. 103. 


U. S. HYDROGrRAPHIO OFFICE, 

BUREAU OF XAA'KUX'riOX, 

NAVY DEPARTMENT. 


SUBMARINE CABLES. 


INSTRUMENTS AND IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED 

IN CABLE SURVEYS. 

THEORY OF CABLE LAYING. 

SPECIFICATIONS AND COSTS. 

SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD. 



> JUN ' * 




GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1892. 


0 * c 
0 * '* 





T K 


mc. 



By Transfer 

U. S. Naval Observatory. 
JUL 2 0 1931 



CONTENTS. 


Preface. Page - 

Soundings. 5 

The Sigsbee Sounding Machine .. 7 

General Instructions for Deep-sea Sounding. 8 

The Sounding Wire . & . H 

The Sounding Rod and Detacher . 14 

The Deep-sea Thermometer, with its fittings . 14 

The Theory of Submarine Cable Laying 15 

SU s“:tlnT„ aP l h CaWe betW6eU FraUCe ‘ hVunYt;d Sta ‘- Y A-Vi^a. 18 

S "s b p“:«::t'fon K^ P 2 h C . a ’! I . e . b . eWe ! n . ! an ^ th6 A m eVi;;-. 27 

^ D ^eoMo»t^m e N^ Pb America". ” 

The Lengths and Weights of some Important Cables.. . It 

The Names and Addresses of Those Engaged in Manufacturing CaM^' 39 

Vessels Engaged m Cable Laying Throughout the World. ® 

1 he Submarine Cables of the World . 

Cable Rates. 41-59 

. 60-67 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Plate I. The Sigsbee Deep-sea Sounding Machine. 

II. I he Sigsbee Deep-sea Sounding Machine. 

III. —Steamer Albatross.—Sounding: Sinker going down. 

IV. —Steamer Albatross.—Sounding: Wire coming in. 

V.-Steamer Albatross.-Sounding: View from Starboard Quarter. 

VI* Steamer Albatross. Sounding Machine, protected by tent awning; Rack 
01 sinkers; Reel of spare wire suspended in box; Copper oil tank for 

__ Jower half ol box ; s P ai 'e engine for sounding machine. 

VII.—Detacher, Sounding Cylinder and Sinker. 

VIII.—Sigsbee’s Sounding Cylinder, with shot attached. 

IX.— Sigsbee’s Sounding Cylinder, with shot detached. 

X.—Belknap’s Sounding Cylinder, hJo. 2 . 

XI.—Deep-sea Thermometer and Thermometer Case. 


XII.—Tanner Improved Thermometer Case, with Sigsbee Clamp. Spiral springs 

for keeping thermometer properly in place. Negretti and Zambra’s 
Deep-sea Thermometer. 


XIII.—Showing methods of fastening thermometers to wire. Dynamometer staff 
and spring. Guide for temperature wire. 

Map of the Submarine Cables of the World. 


3 





























peefaoe. 


The information contained in these chapters was prepared by Mr. 
G. W. Littlehales, of the U. S. Hydrographic Office, for publication as 
a part of the report made by this Office, of the survey by the U. S. S. 
“Albatross” and the U. S. S. “Thetis,” for an ocean cable route between 
San Francisco and Honolulu. It has been thought best, however, to 
omrt it from the report and, on account of the valuable information 
therein contained, to give it a separate publication. 



S. 


RICHARDSON CLOVER 

Lieut. Commander , U. S. Navy, 

Hydrographer . 

Hydrographic Office, 

11 as Lung ton, D. C., September i, 1892. 


5 




SUBMARINE CABLES. 


SOUNDINGS. 

The process universally employed for measuring the depths of the 
sea is to drop a line of rope or wire, under the strain of a weight at 
its lower end, from the surface to the bottom. In shoal water, there 
is thrown from the vessel a lead in the form of an elongated trun¬ 
cated cone attached to a hemp cord which has previously been 
divided into feet or fathoms. The line is allowed to run out through 
the hands of a man who detects, by the sense of touch, the instant 
when the lead reaches the bottom, and reads the depth by noting 
the division of the line which corresponds with the surface of the 
water. By filling a small cavity in the base of the lead with tallow, 
a quantity of the sand or gravel or mud upon which the lead strikes 
becomes imbedded in the tallow and gives an indication of the 
character of the bottom soil. 

The rough surface of a rope presents an obstacle to its free passage 
through the water, and, therefore, as the depths increase it is neces¬ 
sary to employ heavier weights to carry the line swiftly in a straight 
course to the bottom, and, moreover, stronger rope to bear the in¬ 
creased weight of the lead. In great depths, the size of the rope 
which is necessary is such as to present considerable surface to the 
action of submarine currents which carry the line more and more 
out of the vertical direction in proportion to the duration of the 
passage of the lead to the bottom, and render the results less and 
less accurate. Moreover, as the weight of the submerged portion of 
the rope in addition to the weight of the sinker soon becomes so 
heavy that a man cannot lift it, and, therefore, cannot assure him¬ 
self by the sense of touch when the lead has reached the bottom, 
and as the weight of the submerged part is sufficient at great depths 
to cause the unwinding of the reel, the line may continue to pass 
out long after the lead has reached the bottom, and the length thus 
unwound may bear no relation to the depth to be measured. In 
addition to these sources of error, there is another arising from the 
drift of the vessel during the period of several hours which is re¬ 
quired to effect a deep sounding with rope. 

By the use of wire for sounding great depths all the difficulties 
and uncertainties which characterize the use of rope are obviated, 

7 



8 


foi the wire, being light in weight and of small eross section, is not 

affected by submarine currents, but allows the sinker to pass swiftly 
to the bottom. 


THE SIG-SBEE SOUNDING MACHINE. 


The deep-sea sounding machines used on board the surveying 
ships are of the type designed by Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. 
Navy, as a result of the experience gained by him in his work of 
developing the depths of the Gulf of Mexico. 

The U. S. S. Albatross machine was mounted at the after end of 
the poop deck on the midship line, as shown in the illustrations. The 
cast iron and oak bedplates, a and b, plates Nos. i and 2, are firmly' 
bolted together, the outboard end resting on a broad friction plate 

of brass which is secured to the poop rail, and the other end made 
fast to the deck cf the ship. 

The leel d is of steel strongly bolted; the sides are of boiler iron- 
the barrel is forged and welded; the hub is of cast iron, and the shaft 
is of steel. Its weight is 150 pounds. The diameter of the reel is 
22.89 inches, a turn of the wire being exactly equal to one fathom, 
and it will hold about 6,000 fathoms of No. 11 music wire, which is 
the kind used in taking the deep-sea soundings. This wire is 0.028 
of an inch in diameter and has a breaking strain of 200 pounds. 

The fi iction ring c with the V-groove common to all soundino- 
reels, is bolted to the right flange. The shaft carries a ratchet wheel 

on the left of the reel and a worm wheel on the right, into which 
the register e is geared. 

The guide frames/ / are hollow steel tubes having their lower 
ends screwed into the cast-iron bedplate and their upper ones joined 
together by a steel casting which carries two pulleys, over which 
run the parts of the accumulator rope i. A neat copper cap «- 
covers the apertures in the guide frames, and protects the spiral 
accumulator springs 11 inclosed within them. 


The accumulator pulley h is of brass and has brass guards over 
the upper half to prevent the wire from flying out of the score. 
It is mounted in a cast-steel frame having crossheads working on 
the guides which are bolted to the inner sides of the guide frames 
To the upper crosshead is attached a small grooved pulley through 
which the accumulator rope i passes, and to the lower a ring into 
which the dynamometer prop is hooked in reeling in. 

. The s P iral accumulator springs 11 are 28)4 inches long and 2% 
inches in outside diameter. They are made of No. 4 (American 
gauge) steel wire, and have an elastic limit of about 4 feet with a 
weight of 150 pounds applied to the end of the wire, and will give 
the latter cushioning of about 8 feet before it can be subjected 
to a violent jerking strain. While sounding, the accumulator pulley, 
over which the wire leads from the reel d has free play for the 


the: sigsbee deep-sea sounding machine 


















































































































. 

. 


. 












1 - 














































































Plate IV. 



STEAMER " ALBATROSS."—SOUNDING: WIRE COMING IN 



































9 


entire length of the guide frames, controlled by the accumulator 
springs. A scale on the right standard shows accurately the tension 
on the wire at all times, and indicates unmistakably the instant 
when the sinker reaches the bottom. While this arrangement is all 
that can be desired for sounding, it is not available when reeling in, 
owing to the greater strain on the wire and the elasticity of the 
accumulator springs which permit the pulley to be drawn down so 
close to the reel that it is difficult and sometimes impossible to guide 
the wire evenly across its face. To keep the accumulator pulley at 
a proper distance from the reel in reeling in, and yet to have the 
benefit of a scale indicating the tension of the wire, a dynamometer 
is introduced consisting of a brass rod with an eye in the upper end 
and a shoulder 6 inches from the lower end, and a coil spring 
inches in diameter and 8 inches in length. The sinker having 
been detached after reaching the bottom, the dynamometer is 
brought into action by inserting the lower end of the rod, which is 
seen hanging to the left guy of the machine in plate No. 3, into 
the spring v which is secured to the bedplate forward of the drum; 
and by securing the upper end by a loose pin in the socket on the 
lower crosshead of the frame of the accumulator pulley. A scale 
on the guide frame shows the tension of the wire. This dynamom¬ 
eter is shown in operation in plate No. 4. 

The reeling engine / has its frame, of cast iron, bolted to the bed¬ 
plate a. The cylinder, which is of the Copeland and Bacon patent 
trunk type, is 5 inches in diameter and occupies a vertical position. 

The driving pulley m has a \l-groove, corresponding to that on 
the reel, over which the rope belt p is rove. The tightening pulley 
0 , actuated by the belt tightener q, gives the belt the desired tension. 
The ratchet crank n is used in working the water out of the cylin¬ 
der and also in starting to assist the crank over the dead center. 

In plate No. 3 a portion of the stern of the Albatross is shown 
together with the sounding machine with its crew at their stations 
in the act of sounding. The officer is seated in a swinging seat, 
resembling a boatswain’s chair, suspended from the rail, and holds 
in his right hand a speaking tube which leads to the engine 100m. 
In his left hand he holds a branch tube through which he can re¬ 
ceive replies from the engineer of the watch without removing the 
speaking tube from his lips. In plate No. 5 the stray line has been 
rove over the accumulator pulley and down through the faii-leadei; 
the sounding' rod with the sinker attached has been bent on and 
carefully lowered to the water’s edge, either by means of the crank 
or the friction line; the small lead has been bent to the stiay line, the 
deep-sea thermometer has been clamped on; the legistei has been 
set to zero; the vessel has been laid with her stern to the sea. A sea¬ 
man is at the friction line, another at the break, and a thiid on the 
grating outside to guide the wire through the faii-leadei and handle 


10 


the sinkers and instruments. A fireman is at the engine. The 
recorder takes a favorable position for reading the register, and 
when the sinker is let go, the friction line is given a tension that 
allows it to descend from 70 to 100 fathoms per minute. 

1 he officer in charge maneuvers the vessel to keep the wire verti¬ 
cal, and, the instant the sinker strikes the bottom the reel is stopped 
by the friction line and brake, the recorder notes the number of turns 
of the reel indicated by the register, the cranks are shipped and suf¬ 
ficient wire is hove in by hand to allow the end of the sounding rod 
to clear the bottom. The cranks are then unshipped and laid aside, 
the belt is adjusted, steam is admitted to the cylinder of the engine, 
and the wire is reeled in slowly at first but finally at the rate of 100 
to 150 fathoms per minute. In plate No. 4 the wire is shown com¬ 
ing in and being guided fairly on the reel bv means of a soft wooden 
stick covered with heavy pump leather. The surface of the wire is 
kept satui ated with oil while it is being reeled in. It was the cus¬ 
tom to steam ahead while reeling in, slowly at first but increasing 
to about half speed at the last 100 fathoms. From 1 to 2 knots were 
usually made on the course while the reeling in was taking place. 
The last to fathoms were reeled in by hand; then the thermometer 

was read and the specimens brought up were preserved for future 
examination. 

Plate No. 6 shows a portion of the stern of the ship with the sound¬ 
ing machine protected by a tent awning, used in stormy weather to 
keep the belt dry as well as for the protection of the crew. A weather 
cloth, not shown, was secured to the rail and extended from the 
awning to the deck. In the foreground is a rack holding a number 
of sinkers. During the progress of the survey, two working reels 
were kept in readiness for use, each with 5,000 fathoms of wire. One 
was mounted on the machine and the other was kept in a tank of 
sperm oil, partly shown on the left. In addition to these, a spare 
reel filled with wire was kept in a wooden box, shown in the right 
foreground, so arranged as to allow the reel to revolve freely. & A 
semicircular copper tank, shown also in the foreground, was placed 
in the box and, being half filled with sperm oil, kept the lower part 
of the reel and wire submerged. A revolution of the drum occa¬ 
sionally served to keep the wire sufficiently oiled to protect it from 
oxidation. The box cover is shown on the right, near the rail. Wire 
was run from this reel to the working reel to supply losses, about one 
h°ui being requiied to make a splice, transfer 3,000 fathoms of wire, 
and splice on the stray line. The spare reel was then refilled as soon 
as practicable. 

. A s P are reeling engine for the sounding machine is shown on the 
right near the rail. The reeling engines could be shifted in 15 
minutes. 


STEAMER " ALBATROSS."—SOUNDING : VIEW FROM STARBOARD QUARTER. 


I 



Plate V. 


























t n 
o 
c 
3 
Q. 
3 ' 
(IP 


P 

o 

=r 

3* 

<D 

X) 

O 

r+ 

CD 

O 

(D 

CL 

cr 

CD 

3 


cr 

o 

x 


o* 

O 

< X) 

(I) 

“* o 
o *• 


o 

CD -> 
CD 

— CO 

O- 3 
O X- 
X CD 
"' co 

CO 

■o 33 
S» CD 
CD ®- 

CD O 

W CO 

3 "O 

«> 5 

CD 


CO 

H 

m 

> 

2 

m 

33 


DO 

> 

H 

33 

o 

co 

co 


g ® 

c 

3 « 

9 - S 
3 "S 

trq ro 

3 g- 

s 

3 T —. 

5 13 

9 cr 
o 

X 


O 

o 

"O 

~u 

CD 

o 


H 

p 

3 

X - 


o 

£ 

CD 


3 " 

P 



Plate VI 






















11 


GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 

Issued by the Commanding Officer of the U. S. S. Albatross pre¬ 
paratory TO THE SURVEY OF THE ROUTE FOR A TELEGRAPH CABLE BE¬ 
TWEEN California and the Hawaiian Islands. 

Having reached the station in ordinary weather, slow and stop 
without changing - the course, and, when at about half speed, back. 
In case of strong wind or heavy sea, slow down, put the helm up, 
stop and back the lee engine; and, when the wind is on the quarter, 
stop and back the weather one, both moving slowly. 

Secure the rudder as soon as practicable, but always before getting 
stern to the sea. 

Have everything about the sounding machine ready for sounding 
and lower away the sinker without delay. 

To get the wire up and down, back the lee engine slowly, bringing 
the stern gradually to the wind. Assist the operation by going ahead 
slowly on the weather engine, if necessary. 

Never back hard unless absolutely necessary, as the wear and tear is 
great at best, and increases with speed. 

Do not use the main engines when one will answer the same purpose. 
It not only involves extra wear, but increases the work of the one 
engineer on the platform, whose duties are sufficiently wearing at all 
times, and particularly so while sounding, as he is in a temperature 
of i io to 120° Fahr. Do not use the engines at all unless it is necessary. 

Warn the engineer a few minutes before you intend to start ahead, 
giving him a general idea of the distance to be run, and caution him 
when you are within one or two miles of the next station. If this is 
always done, the ship will make better time between stations, with 
considerable saving of labor and fuel. 

If sail is carried, the watch not stationed at the sounding machine 

may set it in light winds. 

Should it be blowing more than a moderate breeze, sail should not 
be made until the sounding is finished, and the officer of the deck 
has the whole watch available. 

If the square sails slat after they are clewed up, brace the yards 
sharp. 

The officer of the deck is responsible for the prompt performance 
of the evolution and accuracy of sounding. 

He should see that the sounding machine crews understand the 

details of their duties. 

He should observe— 

ist. The proper setting of the register, 

2d. That there are no slack turns on the drum, 

3d. That the stray line is in good condition, 

4th That the instruments are properly secured to it, 


12 


prtpt.yt'nM,"'"” ““ (, ° r bM > h “ «“« orl ^ er *»« 

6th. That m sounding-, a friction be kept on the drum equal in a 

auxiHary^leac/ 0 ^ ^ S ° Undin " c ^ linder - thermometer, 

7t Th 1 1 i instruments attached, and weight of wire out, 

1 tp ' a the drum 1S sto PP e< 3 the instant the sinker reaches the 
bottom, the cranks shipped, and from five to ten turns hove in 

amount 6 has b" n ‘° Unh °° k ’ “ WiH be k “ before the above 

Ziil r n °: r- Walk back with the ca^ny 

landing it, and unhook by pulling the wire aft from the machine 

butT T' takmg 3 HttIe m ° re S,aCk from ' the drum if necessary 

bottom 4 t0 W the Sink6r t0 bUry itS6lf dee P’y int0 th e 

When the sinker is detached, heave the sounding rod off the bottom 

th^h if 1 Um W n h th<3 ratchet ’ remove cranks and friction line ship 
the belt, have a hand to guide the wire on the reel and another to 

plT “ " i0 - R “' «».ion of 

Steam slowly ahead with lee engine, bringing ship to her course- 
and when within two points of it, put over patent loo-. 

enjrine^thttf! T ^7 Sl ° Wing Soraew&hat on reeling 

ngme with the last too fathoms, as cylinder is liable to jump out 

out of the water, thus slacking the wire J P 

When the stray line is at the drum, stop the engine, ship ratchet 

sZvrf„‘: ave ™ w,a ”“ k * «» c „ ^ 

pi Jce 6 ° ffiC6r ° f the dSCk Sh ° Uld r6ad the thermome ter, using an eye 

spJc^mff 1 wm e be S e° Uld - be / en f t0 laborator y> where the bottom 
specimen will be examined under the microscope. 

Start ahead full speed when the stray line is sighted 

he machine crew should clean up all water," oil, etc from the 

engine or drum, clean the «V” score in drum, ship friction line etc 
m preparation for another cast. 

Sail having been set and the ship being on her course, the officer of 
the deck should make personal examination as follows viz 

2d ' ill!hStf S T Y lme and US SpHCe are in g ° od condition. 

-d. See that there there are no slack turns on the drum and if there 

are run them off on the blade; then replace them property 

3 • See that the belt is in good order, and that there i S 7 always a 

a spat e one on the machine; if in doubt about the condition of'the 

old belt cut it away and bring the spare one into use 

4 th. Examine the register, and see that it is properly set and that 
it works freely in the worm. ’ 1 

5th. See that the thermometer is in good working- order the nrn 
pc lei blades all on, screw working freely, set screws tight, springs 


13 

acting - smoothly, and, by capsizing it, ascertain if the column breaks 
properly. 

6 th. Examine the sounding cylinder, and see that the tumbler and 
swivel work freely, that the spindle is screwed securely .r'o the 
barrel, and that the valve spring is in good order. 

7th. See that #//bearings are properly oiled. 

The chief engineer will be responsible for the reeling engine, and 
a member of his department will run it. 

The recorder should be on hand in time to take account of every¬ 
thing connected with the sounding, filling the blanks in the record 
book and making such further notes as the occasion requires. 

He will note: Serial number of the sounding; the date; reel used; 
weight and character of sinker; character of bottom; temperatures 
of air and water at surface and bottom, the time of paying out and 
reeling in wire for every one hundred turns as indicated on the 
register, the recording watch having been compared with the ship’s 
clock every watch. He will take the reading of the register when 
bottom is found, make computation for correction, and report to 
the officer of the deck the number of fathoms depth. The reading of 
the patent log, the interval between soundings, and the distance run 
while heaving in wire shall also be recorded. 

If other work, such as a haul of the Tanner, or surface nets, is 
done, the recorder then on duty will make full remarks on it, 
ascertaining from the chief naturalist the result of the haul. 

When anything to delay the ordinary speed of the work of sound¬ 
ing occurs, make a note of it in the “ Remarks” column. 

When taking serial temperatures, the recorder will note the num¬ 
bers of the instruments used ; at what depths they are fastened on 
the wire ; whether they slip, fail to register, or capsize ; inform the 
engineer at what positions on the wire the thermometers shall be 
bent, and, when reeling in, where they should occur. 

When heaving in with thermometers on wire, he should caution 
the engineer to slow down if the wire comes im faster than 100 
fathoms per minute. 

Having made complete remarks in the record book, he will enter 
a synopsis of the same in the Commanding Officer’s note book, to be 
found in the cabin office. 

The recorder on duty shall keep in his possession the reading 
eye piece for the thermometers, the same to be turned over to his 
relief. 

The thermometer ordinarily in use, may, when working steadily, 
be kept in water in one of the fire buckets in the waist ; and on 
cessation of operations at any time, the recorder then on watch will 
return it to the laboratory if the delay is to be of long duration; if 
not, hang it upon its peg in the pilot house. 


14 


THE SOUNDING WIRE. 

The sounding line used in this survey was of No. n music wire 
made by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company of 
Worcester, Massachusetts. Its diameter is 0.028 of an inch, which 
corresponds to No. 21 American and No. 22 Birmingham gauge. It 
is furnished by the manufacturers in sealed tin cans containing 50 
pounds each, or about 3,850 fathoms, in six coils 8 f 4 inches in diame¬ 
ter, each containing about 640 fathoms in two lengths. The coils 
are sprinkled with whiting and wrapped with heavy paper. There 
is no danger of destruction by rust as long as the wire remains in 
the sealed can, and, if put in a dry place, it will keep well in the 
paper wrapping after it is removed from the can. This wire is 
highly polished and resists rust remarkably well when in use. Its 
weight per 100 fathoms is 1.3 pounds in air, or 1.13 pounds in sea 
water. Its tensile strength is uniform and sufficient to enable it to 
stand a strain of 200 pounds without breaking. The cost is $1.50 
per pound. 

THE SOUNDING ROD AND DETACHER. 

This implement, which is attached to the stray line at the lower 
end of the sounding wire, as shown in plates Nos. 5, 8, 9, and 10, is de¬ 
signed to bear to the bottom the weight which is employed as a sinker 
and to detach it there, and also to bring up a specimen of the mate¬ 
rial which composes the bottom. It is the outcome of the combined 
experience of Captain (now Rear-Admiral) George E. Belknap, U. S. 
Navy, and of Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. Navy, during their 
respective great works in the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. 

A longitudinal or vertical section of the detacher, sounding cylin¬ 
der, and sinker is shown in figure 1, plate No. 7; a vertical eleva¬ 
tion of the same parts, in figure 2; and‘a vertical elevation of the 
sounding cylinder with a vertical section of the detacher, in figure 
3. Figure 4 represents a back view of the detacher; figure 5, plan 
views of the perforated plate j and the cylindrical ring d; and figure 
6, an enlarged view of the hollow cone i, the cylindrical ring d, the 
apertures p for the escape of water, and the upper end of the cylin¬ 
der a. The cylinder a , figure 1, is rigidly attached to the guide 
stem c , which is surrounded at its lower end by the hollow stem of 
the poppet valve /, which is shown on its seat ee, being held in place 
by the spiral spring h. The hollow cone i, partially closed at its 
lower end by the cylindrical ring dd, moves freely on the upper part 
of the guide stem c. During the descent of the sounding rod it is 
raised, as shown in figure 1, and permits the water to flow freely 
from the cylinder through the apertures pp into the cone and out 
through the apertures p' p'; but during the ascent, it rests on the 
top of the cylinder a , closing the apertures pp. 


Plate VII 



DETACHER, SOUNDING CYLINDER AND SINKER. 








































































































I * 

































• ft 






































Plate VII! 



SIGSBEE’S SOUNDING CYLINDER, WITH SHOT ATTACHED 




























Plate IX 



SIGSBEE'S SOUNDING CYLINDER, WITH SHOT DETACHED 











X 


























» 

























V 


J 






J 
















✓ 




t 

































































































Plvte X 


. 






■ 




. I 



: ' -• 


\ 






BELKNAP’S SOUNDING CYLINDER, No. 2. 



















Plate XI. 



i 


















































































15 


In taking a sounding and bringing up a specimen of the bottom, 
the stra\ line is bent to the swivel k , the sinker q is slipped on over 
the lov er end of the sounding rod a, the bail r is hooked to the 
tumbler and the pawl / and the tumbler m are locked. The weight 
of the sinker and sounding rod will then be suspended from k and 
will remain in this condition until the apparatus strikes the bottom, 
when the pawl / will assume a horizontal position, as shown in figure 
3, the tumbler will be thrown out of action by the spring n assisted 
by the excess of weight at the point of contact with the bail r, and 
the sinker will be detached. 

When the cylinder strikes bottom, the valve /will be forced up, 
and more or less of the interior space of the cylinder will be filled 
with a specimen of the bottom soil. As soon as the ascent begins 
the valve / reseats itself, and, the apertures at the top being closed, 
the specimen is hermetically sealed. On reaching the surface it is 
removed by unscrewing the parts of the cylinder at b. The detach¬ 
able sinkers are made of cast iron, and are furnished by the 
Ordnance Department, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C. 

THE DEEP-SEA THERMOMETER WITH ITS FITMENTS. 

The apparatus used for obtaining temperatures below the surface 
of the ocean consists of four essential parts, which are shown in 
plates Nos. n, 12, and 13. They are the Negretti and Zambra deep- 
sea thermometer, represented by figure 1, plate 11; the thermometer 
case devised by Lieutenant-Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. Navy, 
represented by figure 2, with the thermometer inclosed in it; the 
brass frame devised by Commander Magnaghi, Italian Navy, and 
improved by Lieutenant-Commander Z. L. Tanner, LL S. Navy, rep¬ 
resented in figure 3 with the thermometer case mounted within; 
and the clamp of phosphor bronze, marked q in figure 3, which was 
devised by Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. Navy, for securing the 
thermometer frame to any part of the sounding wire. 

The thermometrical fluid used in the Negretti and Zambra deep- 
sea thermometer is mercury. The bulb containing it is cylindrical 
and contracted in a pecular manner at the neck A (figure 1); and 
upon the shape and fairness of the contraction the success of the 
instrument mainly depends. Beyond A the tube is bent and a small 
catch reservoir at £ is formed for the purpose to be presentlv ex¬ 
plained. At the end of the tube a small receptacle C is provided. 
When the bulb is downward the glass contains sufficient mercury to 
fill the bulb, tube, and a part of the receptacle C, leaving, if the tem¬ 
perature is high, sufficient space in C. When the thermometer is 
held bulb upward the mercury breaks at A, but by its own weight 
flows down the tube filling C and a portion of the tube above C, de¬ 
pending upon the existing temperature. The scale is accordingly 
made to read upward from C. 


16 


To set the instrument for observation, it is only necessary to place 
the bulb downward, when the mercury takes the temperature just 
as in an ordinary thermometer. If at any time or place the tempera¬ 
ture is required, all that has to be done is to turn the thermometer 
bulb upward and keep it in this position until the reading is taken. 
This may be done at any time afterward, for the quantity of mer¬ 
cury in the lower part of the tube, which gives the reading, is too 
small to be sensibly affected by a change of temperature, unless it 
is very great; while that in the bulb will continue to contract with 
greater cold and expand with greater heat. In the latter case some 
mercury will pass the contraction A and may fall down and lodge at 
B, but it can not go further as long as the bulb is upward, and thus 
the temperature to be read will not be affected. 

Now, whenever the thermometer can be handled, it can readily 
be turned bulb upward for reading the existing temperature. It is 
to be clearly understood that this thermometer is only intended to 
give the temperature at the time and place at which it is turned 
over. 

In order to make the thermometer perfectly satisfactory, it was 
necessary to protect it from pressure, as well in shallow as in the 
deepest seas, for in either case the pressure would cause an error of 
greater or less degree in its indications. Like an ordinary ther- 
mometei it is devoid of air and so quite different from those forms 
of deep-sea thermometers which contain compressed air, and, there¬ 
fore, offer a certain resistance against external pressure. By the 
simple expedient of inclosing the thermometer in a glass shield e 
(figure 2), hermetically sealed, the effect of external pressure is 
entirely eliminated. The shield must of course be strong, but not 
exhausted of air. It will, however, render the inclosed thermometer 
less readily affected by changes of temperature, making it more slug¬ 
gish. To counteract this tendency, mercury is introduced into that 
portion of the shield surrounding the bulb and confined there by a 
partition d, cemented in the shield around the neck of the ther¬ 
mometer bulb. This mercury acts as a carrier of heat between the 
exterior of the shield and the interior of the thermometer. So 

long as the shield withstands the pressure—that is, does not break_ 

the thermometer will be unaffected by pressure, and there is 
abundant expeiience to show that such a shield will stand the pres¬ 
sure of the deepest ocean. Doubtless the shield will be slightly 
compressed under great pressure, but this can never cause an inter¬ 
nal pressure sufficient to have an appreciable effect upon the ther¬ 
mometer. The figures and graduations are distinctly marked upon 
the stem of the instrument itself and the shield preserves them from 
obliteration. The jars and vibrations to which the instrument is 
subjected in reeling in the sounding wire at a speed of 600 to 800 feet 
per minute, had a tendency to vitiate the readings by shaking down 


/ 


Plate XII. 



Tanner Improved Thermometer Case, w th Sigsbee Clamp. Spiral springs for keeping thermometer 
properly in place. Negretti and Zambra's Deep-sea Thermometer. 




































Plate XIII 



Showing methods of fastening thermometers to wire. Dynamometer staff and spring. Guide for 

temperature wire. 















17 


mercury from the catch reservoir into the tube. To obviate this 
tendency, Lieutenant-Commander Tanner invented a simple and re¬ 
liable case which is represented in vertical section in figure 2. To 
mount the theimometer in it, unscrew the cap z, drop a spring h 
into the case, slip a thimble g over the glass shield at d, put the 
thermometei in the case, drop in another thimble which will rest on 
the upper end of the glass shield, and then place another spring on 
the thimble and screw the cap on. The thermometer will then be 
suspended between delicate spiral springs at the ends, and soft rub¬ 
ber rings which surround the shield. 

The deep-sea thermometer frame is that part of the apparatus 
which is designed to carry the thermometer case downward into the 
sea and to invert the thermometer for registering the temperature. 
As shown in figure 3, it consists of the frame l of cast brass, the 
guard m , the propeller n mounted on the spindle o, the set screw /, 
the Sigsbee clamp q and pin j upon which the thermometer case H 
is hinged. The slot in the thermometer case through which the scale 
is read is marked k. 

To take a temperature, set the spindle o into the hole in the cap i 
by screwing it down until the propeller blades strike the set screw 
p; then by means of the Sigsbee clamp q secure the frame to the 
temperature rope or sounding wire. The bulb will then be down 
and the mercury in the tube connected with it, which is the position 
required to take the temperature. The water acting on the pro¬ 
peller during the descent will keep it in position resting against the 
set screw /, but as soon as the reeling in begins, the propeller is set 
in motion, bringing the screw on the upper end of the spindle into 
action and gradually raising the propeller until the lower end of the 
spindle is withdrawn from the hole in the cap /, when the ther¬ 
mometer promptly turns over and registers the temperature by 
breaking the column of mercury at the point A. It can be read at 
any time afterward, as changes of temperature do not affect the 
reading after the column is once broken. 


238 - 2 



18 


THE THEORY OF SUBMARINE CABLE LAYING. 


The form of the curve assumed by a submarine cable during the 
process of laying, and the different tensions to which it is subjected 
under the various conditions which arise, were first investigated by 
Sir William Thomson, who published his results in October, 1857. In 
the following February Messrs. Longridge and Brooks laid before 
the Institute of Civil Engineers, at London, a complete mathemat¬ 
ical analysis of the conditions which obtain in cable laying, basing 
their reasoning upon the proposition that the resistance experienced 
b\ a cylinder in moving through water in the direction of its axis 
varies as the square of the velocity. The dictates of this theory 
were followed in the practical laying of cables up to 1874 when Dr. 
Werner Siemens presented to the Wissenschaftliche Akademie zu 
Beilin a new theory based upon the law of simple proportionality 
beteen the lesistance and the velocity in the case of a cylinder of 
small diameter relative to its length moving in the direction of its 
axis through water, to which he had been led by his own experi¬ 
ments and the experiments of Poiseuille concerning the motion of 

liquids in capillary tubes, and also by the statements of Newton and 
Coulomb. 



Other experiments, made in 1856 with the tubes of the pneumatic 
service in Berlin, had proved to Dr. Siemens that with tubes of laro-e 
section and with considerable velocities, the law is more complex 
and may be represented by an expression of the form a v + b v 2 in 
which v is the velocity of the cylinder and a and b are constants! of 
which the second is small and can be neglected for values of v which 
do not surpass a certain limit. 

The theory which is here given is that which has governed prac¬ 
tical cable laying for the last seventeen years. In it the law of 
simple proportionality between the resistance opposed to the motion 
of a cylinder in the direction of its axis and its velocity is admitted, 













19 


and the views of Dr. Siemens are adopted and presented. All authors 
agree that when a cable is moved through water in a direction per¬ 
pendicular to its length the resistance varies as the square of the 
velocity with which the cable is moved. 

When a cable is paid out without tension from a ship moving with 
a uniform velocity, it will pass in nearly a straight line from the 
surface to the bottom of the ocean. This will appear by supposing 
that a ship, moving at a uniform speed, lets drop, at equal intervals, 
balls of the same density and diameter as the cable (figure A). 



On account of the resistance which the water opposes to the descent 
of these balls, their motion, in a vertical direction, will soon become 
uniform, for it has been shown that a ball of the same density and 
diameter as the first Atlantic cable would acquire, in T % of a second 
the velocity of 39.32 inches per second which differs from its final 
velocity by only 3^. Therefore, the vertical space passed over by 
any ball up to a given instant is nearly proportional to the time 
elapsed since the ball was dropped and consequently to the distance 
passed over by the ship since the ball was dropped, and the centers 
of all the balls will be found at any moment to lie on a nearly straight 
line drawn obliquely between the surface and the bottom, whose in- 
clination depends solely on the velocity of the ship. 

If the centers of these balls be supposed to be joined by an infi¬ 
nitely thin thread to which the water can oppose no resistance, a sort 
of cable will be formed which can be paid out without tension and 
whose slack will depend only on its inclination and consequently on 
the velocity of the ship. 

The part of a submarine cable suspended in the water during the 
laying, being very flexible on account of its great length, can be 
considered as being made up of independent elements. But each of 
these elements rests upon a kind of inclined plane formed by the 
layer of water in contact with it and is forced in a direction opposite 
to the course of the ship instead of falling vertically like the balls 
referred to. Thus the element A (figure A), instead of coming to a 
point JV, such that BJV=BA, will arrive at an intermediate point M 
and the whole length of the cable paid out will occupy a sinuous 








20 


curve between the points B and M. Therefore the expression 


AB-BM 

BM 


will represent the percentage of loss or the slack of the 


cable. 


A 'i ' 



In figure C, let AB represent the initial position of the cable ; A A* 
the space passed over by the ship in a unit of time ; and A' B', the 
new position of the cable at the end of a unit of time. Any point C 
of AB, instead of coming to the point C' determined by the inter¬ 
section of A' B' with a line CH, such that BH=BC, will follow the 
line CD and come to D. If the displacement CD be decomposed 
into two parts, CD and CD, lying respectively parallel and perpendic¬ 
ular to the direction of the cable, C D will represent the excess of 


cable paid out in a unit of time, and consequently 


C'D 
A' A 


the slack. 


Let a represent the angle formed by the direction of the part of 
the cable undergoing submergence with the horizon; 

ft, the angle formed by this direction with the direction followed 
by each element of cable during its descent into the water; 

/, the force with which the brake retains the cable on board the 
ship; 

h, the depth of the ocean at the point where the cable touches 
bottom; 

/, the length of the cable suspended in a straight line in the water;. 

m, the slack; 

p, the weight in water of a unit of length of the cable; 

q, the coefficient of longitudinal friction of the water on the cable 

T 

or the resistance which the water opposes to the motion, in the 
direction of its axis, of a cylinder of cable of unit length moving 
with a unit of velocity; 

r, the coefficient of transverse friction including the resistance 
which is overcome in displacing the water when the motion takes 
place in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cable, or the 
resistance which the water opposes to the motion, in a direction 
perpendicular to its axis, of a cylinder of cable of unit length moving 
with a unit of velocity; 









/, the constant velocity with which the cable falls in the water with 
its axis vertical; 

u , the velocity of its fall with its axis horizontal; and v, the con¬ 
stant velocity of the ship. The quantities /, u, and p have special 
values for each cable, which are determined by experiment before 
laying - . They are connected with the coefficients q and r by the 
following relations: 

J>=q t (1) 

p—r u 2 (2) 

The weight pi of the cable may be decomposed into two forces, 
one pi sin a directed along its axis in the opposite direction to that 
in which the force of longitudinal friction and the holding of the 
break is exerted, and the other pi cos a perpendicular to the direction 
of the cable and opposed to the force of transverse friction and the 
displacement of the water. 

As the motion of the cable is uniform, all the forces acting upon 
it must be in equilibrium. 

Therefore 

pi sin a — qxCFxl —/=o ( 3 ) 

plcosa — r CF 2 xl =o ( 4 ) 


In the second of these equations, replacing C F by its value v sin a 
and p by its equivalent r u % as derived from equation (2), we have 

u 2 

cos 2 a-\- o* cos (x —i=o ( 5 ), 

v l 

from which 


cos a— 




The minus sign is neglected before the radical because the angle a 
is always smaller than 90 0 , and consequently its cosine is always 
positive. 


Solving equation ( 5 ) for 


u 

V 


we have 


u 

v 


sin a _ 

/ = tan a V cos a 

v cos a 



Since the triangle BCH is isosceles, A 90 0 — and since 


B CF — 90 0 , C'CF— —. Substituting in ( 3 ) the value 


CE— F O + CD — v sin a tan — -f m v, and the value l 


h 


sin a 


we have f — ph 


— ph ( tan “ + 
t \ 2 sm a 


(»)• 


In the above equation, when v=o, which is the case which arises 
when the ship is for any reason stopped during the immersion of the 
cable,/, or the force with which the brake must restrain the cable 









22 


to prevent its paying out, has its maximum value,//*, which is the 
weight in sea water of a length of the cable sufficient to hang ver¬ 
tically from the surface to the bottom of the ocean. 

This value ph is also a measure of the restraining force which the 
brake must exert when the ship moves with sufficient velocity to 
lay the cable without slack. 

Putting Q — — ph tan - ( 9 ) 

t 2 7 

and A =(10), 
t sm a v n 

equation (8) may be written in the following form: 

/ =ph — Q—R j 

and, by examining the derivation of equation (8), it will appear that 

Q—q l xFC', and 
R=q lx C D. 

Consequently Q represents the amount of the longitudinal friction 
of watei on the cable when it is laid without slack, and A the longi¬ 
tudinal friction on the slack alone. 

Calling A the force which retains the cable on board when it is 
paid out so as to be laid without slack, we have 

P = ph — A ph tan ™=ph - Q ( 11 ). 

To obtain a fuller account of the influence of z>, the speed of the 
ship, upon the values Q and A, an examination of the values A, Q, A, / 
and (x in the case of an Atlantic cable are here given. According to 
Longridge and Brooks constants of this cable are 

P— 0.336 pounds to the foot. 

/=22.96 feet per Second. 
u— 3- 28 feet per second. 

If v e suppose the cable to be laid in a depth of 1,330 fathoms, with 
a slack of 10 per cent., A, Q, A, /, and a will have the following values 
for velocities of the ship ranging from 2 to 10 knots per hour: 


V. 

2 knots. 

4 knots. 

6 knots. 

8 knots. 

10 knots. 

p 

Lbs. 

2,872.2 

Lbs. 

2,866.1 

Lbs. 

2,865.9 

Lbs. 

2, 865. 7 

Lbs. 

2,866. 4 

Q 

214.3 

220.4 

220.6 

220.7 

220.1 

n 

56.1 

187.3 

408.0 

716.5 

1,114.1 

f 

2,816.1 

2, 678.7 

2,457. 9 

2,149.2 

2,149.2 

a 

54° 50 / 

28° 05 7 

18° 55 7 

14° 15 / 

11° 25' 



ph = 

: 3,086 lbs. 




From the above table it will appear that the restraining force of 
the brake and the longitudinal friction of the water are, when the 


















23 


cable is laid without a slack, almost independent of the speed of the 
ship, but remain proportional to the depth h; that the longitudinal 
friction on the slack of the cable is proportional to the square of the 
speed of the ship, and that the effective hold to be exercised by the 
brake diminishes at the same time that the friction increases in 
such a manner that the sum of these two forces remains about con¬ 
stant for variable values of v. It also appears that the angle of 
immersion of the cable diminishes rapidly as the speed of the ship 
increases. 

The following table gives the value of the holding power to be 
applied to the brake for depths of the sea increasing from 440 to 
2,640 fathoms and for speeds ranging from 2 to 10 knots per hour,, 
the constants of the cable being the same as those used in forming: 
the preceding table: 


Depth 

in 

fathoms. 

Hold f to he applied to the break for velocities 
of the ship per hour. 

ph. 

2 knots. 

4 knots. 

6 knots. 

8 knots. 

10 knots. 


Lbs. 

Lbs. 

Lbs. 

Lbs. 

Lbs. 

Lbs. 

440 

919.6 

874.8 

802.7 

701.9 

572.4 

1,007.9 

890 

1,839. 2 

1,749. 6 

1,605.4 

1,403.9 

1,144.8 

2,015.9 

1,330 

2, 758.9 

2, 624.4 

2, 408.1 

2,105. 8 

1,717.1 

3,023.9 1 

1,780 

3,678. 4 

3,498.9 

3,210.8 

2,807. 8 

2,289.5 

4,031.6 

2,220 

4,597.9 

4,373.9 

4, 013. 5 

3,509. 7 

2, 861. 8 

5,039.8 

2,660 

5,517.7 

5,248. 5 

4,816.2 

4,211.7 

3,434.4 

6,047.5 ' 


The angle /^, which determines the effective motion of each ele¬ 
ment of the cable, is easily calculated by the relation 


tan (3 — 


ED 

EC 


v sin a 

. a . 

v sm a tan -f- mv 
2 


a m 

tan 4_ —- 

2 sm a 


or, substituting in the denominator, its value as derived from 
equation (8), 


tan (3 = 


v ph 


t ph — / 


( 12 ). 


From equation (8) 
ph - / 


m = -£ sm a — tan " sm a 


v a 7 

- p/i 
t 1 


a 

2 


/ \ph — /] . . o 

—m ——El sm a — 2 sir 


a 


vph 


( 13 ) 


a 


= cot [3 sin a — 2 sin 2 - 


The angle of immersion, a, being generally small, as soon as the 

speed of the ship becomes considerable, ^/cos a can be neglected in 

equation (7), and the following relation may be written to serve for 

practical use: ■ 

tan a — - ( 14 ) 


v 



































24 


To show that the error so introduced may be neglected, the angle 
a is here calculated from each of the formulas for the kind of cable 
all eady considered and for speeds of the ship ranging from 2 to 10 
knots: 


a 

Speed of ship. . 

2 knots. 

4 knots. 

6 knots. 

8 knots. 

10 knots. 

Calculated from eq. (7)___ 
Calculated from eq. (14).. 

51° 50' 

45° 00' 

28° 05 / 

26° 34' 

18° 55 / 

18° 26 / 

14° 15 / 

14° 02 / 

11° 25 / 

11° 19' 


From this table it appears that as soon as the ship acquires a 
speed of 6 knots per hour, which is about the average speed of ships 
while engaged in cable laying, the values of the angle a calculated 
from equations ( 7 ) and ( 14 ) are so near alike that in practice ( 14 ) 
may be substituted for (7). * 

li the trigonometric functions of a be now expressed according to 

equation ( 14 ), neglecting terms containing the factor - raised to 

v 

powers higher than the second, we shall have 


sin a = 


u , a u 
—, tan —, = — 

V 2 2V 


Ol n 

sin — = . 

2 2V 


Substituting these values in equations (8), (11), and ( 13 ) they 
become: ' J 


f — ph (1 — - —m — ') 

V 2t utJ 

( 15 ) 


( 16 ) 

n—ph—f^ut in 2 

ph V2 2 v 2 

( 17 ) 


e see by the last of these equations that the slack of the cable 
is inversely proportional to the square of the velocity of the ship. 
The first two terms of the second member of this equation beino- 
much greater than the other, we see, moreover, that the slack 
depends above all on ph —f; that is to say, upon the difference of 
the weight of the length of the cable which may be suspended ver¬ 
tically m the water from the ship to the bottom of the- ocean and 
the retaining force exercised by the brake. Therefore the slack 

may be changed either by acting on the brake or by alterim- the 
speed of the ship. 

. To inv estigate the effect upon the slack of changes in the retain¬ 
ing force of the brake, in the speed of the ship, and in the depth of 




A 


































25 

the ocean where the cable is laid, let us differentiate m in equation 
( 17 ) with reference to/, v, and h successively : 


dm ut 

df phv 2 


Whence 


dm 

dv 




dm fut i fut 

d/i pv l ' /i 2 pv 2 /r 


2 m 
v 


dm ( f ) 


df fut 
f ' phv’ 1 



dv 

v 


2 m 


( 18 ) 

( 19 ) 


dm( h ) = 


dh fut 
h phv 2 


( 20 ) 


It is to be remarked that, as the second member of the equation 
( 19 ) is independent of the constants of the cable and of the depth of 
the ocean, the first member depends only on the variable velocity 
of the ship. For instance, if the velocity of the ship were increased 
by 5 per cent., the slack would be diminished by yg- of its value and 
would fall to 9 per cent, if it had before been io per cent. Again, 

as the same expression is found as a factor in the second mem- 

phv 2 

bers of ( 18 ) and (20), the slack will vary by equal amounts but in op¬ 
posite directions for the same proportional changes in the retaining 
force of the bra^e and in the depth of the ocean. Referring again 
to the cable whose constants are 

p = 0.336 pounds to the foot, 
t = 22.96 feet per second, 
and u — 3.28 feet per second, 

and supposing the cable to be laid in a depth of 1,780 fathoms with 
10 per cent, of slack and at a speed of 6 knots per hour, we shall find 
by equation ( 15 ) that the retaining force of the brake must be 3,280 
pounds. Under these conditions equations ( 18 ) and ( 20 ) give dm — 

— 0.62 -^and dm = 0.62 

/ h 

If the depth increases 5 per cent., say 90 fathoms, the slack will be 
increased by -gfo of its previous value, or will rise from 10 per cent, 
to 13-JL per cent. To keep it at 10 per cent, it will be sufficient to 
increase the retaining force of the brake in the same proportion as 


the depth has increased; that is to say, 5 per cent., or 164 pounds. 
Moreover, changes in the depth and in the brake power vary the 
amount of slack in a more rapid proportion than changes in the 










26 


velocity of the ship, and it is found preferable in practice to 
the amount of slack by acting - on the brake. 

If the cable were laid without any brake, we would have 

slack, by putting/ =o in equation ( 15 ), m — 1 u ( 2jt u ) 

- 7(2 


control 
for the 


With u — 3.28 feet per second, 

/ = 22.96 feet per second, 
and v = 6 knots per hour, 

m would be equal to 72 per cent. 

To maintain it at 10 per cent., the velocity of the ship would have 
to be increased in such a way that 




2) — j M ( 2 / — U ) 

2X1 

IO 


which would lead to the almost impracticable speed of r6 knots per 
lour. But by changing the constants of the cable, and making 

u = 1.64 feet per second, 

. t = I 3- 12 feet per second, 

and m — 10 per cent, 

the speed of the ship would be 8 y 2 knots per hour, which is easily 
maintained. y 





SPECIFICATIONS. 


From official information received from the managers of various 
great submarine telegraph companies, it is thought that $1,200 per 
nautical mile is a fair estimate of the cost of making and laying 
cables under average conditions; but this amount would probably 
have to be increased somewhat for a cable between California and 
the Hawaiian Islands on account of the remoteness of that route 
from the places where cables are manufactured. 

As an illustration of the manner in which the specifications for 
deep-sea cables are usually drawn up, the following specification for 
the cable between the United States and France is here given in full: 

♦ 

SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLE 

BETWEEN 

FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 


SPECIFICATION No. 1, 

FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CABLE BETWEEN BREST AND ST. PIERRE. 


The following description of cables will be required, made to the 
undermentioned specification : 


MAIN CABLE A. 

Pounds. 

Cable A. i. Core—Copper 7-wire strand, weighing per knot___ 400 

Gutta-percha and compound, per knot. 400 


800 

2. Serving—A good and sufficient serving of jute 

yarn well tanned. 

3. Outer covering—10 galvanized homogeneous iron 

wires of the aggregate weight of- 1,568 

Each homogeneous wire to be enveloped in strands 
of manilla or New Zealand yarn, 
steeped in tar, as hereafter specified, 
weighing in all not less than .. i,45° 

4. The outer diameter not to exceed 1.1 inch. 


SHORE-END CABLES. 

5. Shore end next the Main Cable to have the same core as cable 
A, covered with 12 B. B. galvanized iron wires .238 inches in diameter 
The total weight of iron per knot to be not less than 11,160 lbs. 







28 






6. The whole to be covered with two layers of hemp and asphalt 
laid on as hereafter specified. 

7. Heavy shore end laid next the landing- places. To have the 
same core as cable A, covered with 12 b. b. galvanized iron wires, .19 
inches diameter, served with sufficient quantity of tarred yarn to 
f01 m a bedding for 12 strands, each formed of 3 galvanized iron 
v ires .230 inches in diameter. The total weight of iron per knot to 
be not less than 38,000 pounds. 

8. The iron wire to be used in cables B and C is to be of quality 
known as best-best, free from inequalities, galvanized and annealed. 
A margin of 10 per cent, will be allowed in weight in any portion of 
the cables, provided the average weight is as specified above. The 
wne to be capable of being bent round itself, and unbent without 
breaking. No wire of brittle quality shall be put in the cables, and 
t e engineers or their assistants shall have power to reject any 
hanks which break in the closing machine, or which are of unsatis¬ 
factory quality. No weld shall be made in any of the iron wires or 

joint m the homogeneous iron wires within 12 feet of anv other 
weld. 


9. Cable B is to be covered after the iron wires are laid on and 
e oie emg coiled into the tanks, with two coatings of mineral 

N? a ” d Slhca ’. in the proportions of 60 and 40 parts, respectively, 
wi sufficient mineral tar to give the requisite consistency, and with 
two servings of tarred hemp yarn, laid alternately, the first coating 
of the yarn being next to the wires, then a serving of compound 
then yarn again, and lastly compound. The compound to be applied 
ot and the yarn to be laid over immediately after its application 
ouch special precautions are to be taken against injury to the core' 
m case of machinery stopping, as the engineers shalfdirect. The 

yarn to be everywhere covered by the compound, and the outside is 
to be smooth and regular. 

10. The wire used in the deep-sea cable (A) to be of the best 
qua ity of homogeneous iron, galvanized, having a tensile strength of 
not less than 750 pounds, to elongate not less than 3 per cent, before 
breaking, and to be equal in every respect to that used in the Atlantic 
cable of 1866. The joints in the homogeneous iron wires to be made 

them Carfing the CndS ’ binding them with fine wires, and soldering 

11. Each wire is to be served with the best quality of manilla or 

*ew Zealand hemp, steeped in tar, and laid in such a manner that 

the served wire shall have a strength equal to that of the Atlantic 
strand of 1865. 

12 The complete cable is to be capable of bearing on any portion 
of its length a weight of at least 7 tons, vertically suspended by it 
without injury to the core between fastenings or points of suspen- 
on, and shall not break with less weight than 7^ tons. 


29 


13. Each shore end to be finished off with a taper not less than ^ 
knot in length for splicing on to the deep-sea cable, to be arranged 
to the satisfaction of the engineers to the company. 

14. The conductor to consist of a strand of 7 wires of annealed 
copper of the best quality and manufacture, the resistance per knot 
at 75 0 Fahr. (24 0 Cent.) to be not greater than 3.25 B. A. units. 

15. The interstices of the strand to be completely filled up with 
Chatterton’s compound. 

16. The insulator to consist of the best quality of gutta-percha 
used for the insulation of cables, put on in four concentric layers 
or coverings of as near as may be equal thickness. Chatterton’s 
compound to be laid on between the conductor and the first covering 
of gutta-percha, and also between each of the coverings of gutta¬ 
percha in such a manner as to unite the gutta-percha coverings to- 
the metallic conductor, and form a solid core, free from roughness, 
and air bubbles. 

17. The resistance of the insulator at 75 0 Fahr. (24 0 Cent.) to> 
be not less than 250 millions of B. A. units per knot fourteen days 
after manufacture, and after one minute’s electrification. 

18. The core when finished shall be capable of resisting the pas¬ 
sage of water along the conductor when pressure of 600 pounds per 
square inch is applied at one end of a specimen 6 inches long. 
This test shall be applied at the contractor’s expense whenever the 
engineers may desire. 

19. The joints in the core are to be made by experienced work¬ 
men. Chatterton’s compound to be used next the conductor, be¬ 
tween the layers of gutta-percha and outside all. In every case 
one joint maker is to be employed to join the conducting wire, and 
another to apply the insulating covering. No joint in the com¬ 
pleted core at the cable works is, under any circumstances, to be 
made except in the presence of inspectors, who will be appointed 
for this duty, and who will test and pass each joint. Sufficient 
time is to be allowed by the contractor for this operation. 

20. The joints, after they have been made six hours, shall test to 
the entire satisfaction of the engineers. 

21. To consist of a good and sufficient serving of jute yarn, well 
tanned and applied wet; extreme care to be taken in its application. 

22. The core shall be delivered for testing in lengths of not less 
than one knot. While being tested at the gutta-percha works the 
core shall be immersed in water at the temperature of 75 0 , and shall 
have been previously maintained at that temperature for 24 hours. 
The length and weight of each coil shall be given. A margin of 5 
per cent, over and under the specified weights shall be allowed, but 
the mean weight of the whole must be at least equal to the specified 
weight. 


30 

2 3- All coils approved of by the engineer shall be redelivered for 
further manufacture. 

24. All coils shall be numbered, labeled, and registered, and the 
engineers shall be kept cognizant of the portion of the cable into 
which each knot of the core is inserted. 

25. A separate and convenient room for testing the core and 
cable, and suitable space for batteries, is to be provided by the con¬ 
tractor, both at the gutta-percha manufactory and sheathing 
works, and all connections with the testing rooms to be made at 
the contractor’s expense. The contractor shall also provide a man 
to be in attendance on the electricians testing the core or cable. 

26. During the covering of the core, and after the completion of 
the cable, it may be tested by the engineers at all reasonable times 
to be agreed upon. 

27. Free access to the contractor’s cable works shall be given at 
all times to the engineers or persons whom they may appoint to 
inspect the manufacture of the cable, and full liberty for examin¬ 
ing and testing every part of the materials or manufactured cable; 
all materials shall be liable to rejection. 

28. The core shall be coiled on drums, and shall be kept under 
water until serving is begun. The drums to be carefully protected. 
The core when served to be coiled in water-tight tanks. 

29. The water is to be withdrawn by the contractor from the 
tanks, and replaced if, and so often as, required by the engineers. 

30. The tanks and other parts of the manufactory where the cable 
is manufactured or stored are to be roofed over. 

31. Correct indicators are to be attached to each closing machine, 
showing the exact amount of cable manufactured, and the com¬ 
pleted cable is to be marked at every nautical mile in the usual 
manner. 

32. Every facility is to be provided by the contractor for the ship¬ 
ment of the cable, and no vessels are to be moored off his works 
duiing the shipment, in such manner as to interfere herewith. 

33. Any additions or alterations in the manufacture of the 
cable, as described in this specification, which may be required at 
any time by the engineers during the process of the work, are to 
be made by the contractor upon terms to be agreed upon; or in the 
event of difference, the pi ice of such alteration is to be determined 
by arbitration in the usual manner. 

34. The contractor shall, at his cost, insure the cable against 
risk of damage by file to the full amount of the advances made; 
the policies to be effected in the name of the concessionaires or of 
the intended company and placed in their hands. 

35- fhe manufacture shall commence twenty-one davs after the 
date of the older to begin work and the payment of the first in¬ 
stallment of the contract sum. 


31 


36. The following is the approximate length of cables that will 
be required; but these lengths may be modified from time to time 
by the company or their engineers, under clause 33, provided due 
notice of the same be given to the contractor: 

Knots. 

Cable A_2,643 Main cable. 

Cable B... 127 ) , 

n 11 n 0 r Shore ends. 

Cable C.. 18 j 

Total_2,788 

37. The foregoing includes a quarter of a mile of taper cable at 
the junctions of the thick cables with those of smaller diameter. 


SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLE 

BETWEEN 

FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 


SPECIFICATION NO. 2. 

FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CABLE BETWEEN ST. PIERRE AND THE 

UNITED STATES. 


The following description of cables will be required, made to the 
undermentioned specification: 


MAIN CABLE D. 

Pounds. 

Cable D.— i. Core—Copper 7-wire strand, weighing per knot.. 107 

Gutta-percha and compound, weighing per 
knot.... 150 


2 57 

2. Serving—A good and sufficient serving of jute 

yarn, well tanned. 

3. Outer covering—10 B. B. galvanized iron wires 

.165 inches diameter, weighing per knot 

about------4, 2 54 

4. Outer protection—To be hemp and asphalt, laid 

on in two coatings. 

SHORE-END CABLES. 

Cable E.—5. Shore ends next the main cable. To have the same 
core as cable D, and to be covered externally with 12 B. B. galvanized 
iron wires .238 inches diameter, the total weight of iron per knot to 
be not less than 11,160 pounds. 

6. The whole to be covered with two layers of hemp and asphalt 
as hereafter specified. 












32 


7- Heavy shore end laid next the landing places. To have the 
same core and iron covering as cable D, served with a sufficient 
quantity of tarred yarn to form a bedding for 12 strands, each formed 
of 3 galvanized iron wires .230 inches in diameter; the total weight 
of iron per knot to be not less than 38,000 pounds. 

8. The iron wire to be used in cables D, E, and F is to be of the 
quality known as best-best, free from all inequalities, galvanized 
and annealed; a margin of 10 per cent, will be allowed in weight in 
any portion of the cable, provided the average weight is as specified 
above. The wire to be capable of being bent round itself, and un¬ 
bent without breaking. No wire of brittle quality shall be put into 
the cables, and the engineers or their assistants shall have the power 
to reject any hanks which break in the closing machine, or which 
are of unsatisfactory quality. No weld shall be made in any of the 
iron wires within 12 feet of any other weld. 

9. Cable B is to be covered, after the iron wires are laid on, and 
before being coiled in the tanks, with two coatings of mineral pitch 
and silica, in the proportions of 60 and 40 parts, respectively, with 
sufficient mineral tar to give the requisite consistence, and with two- 
servings of tarred hemp yarn, laid alternately, the first coating of 
the yarn being next the wires, then a serving of compound, then yarn 
again, and lastly compound. The compound to be applied hot, and 
the yarn is to be laid over immediately after its application. Such 
special precautions are to be taken against injury to the core, in case 
of the machinery stopping, as the engineers shall direct. The yarn 
is to be everywhere covered by the compound, and the outside is to 
be smooth and regular. 

10. Each shore end to be finished off with a taper not less than 
Y\ of a knot in length for splicing on to the deep-sea cable, to be 
arranged to the satisfaction of the engineers to the company. 

11. The conductor to consist of a strand of seven wires of annealed 
copper of the best quality and manufacture, the resistance per knot 
at 75 Fahr. (24 Cent.) to be not greater than 12.15 B. A. units. 

12. The interstices of the strand to be completely filled up with 
Chatterton’s compound. 

13. The insulator to consist of the best quality of gutta-percha 
used for the insulation of cables, put on in three concentric layers 
or coverings of as near as may be equal thickness. Chatterton’s 
compound to be laid on between the conductor and the first cover¬ 
ing of gutta-percha, and also between each of the coverings of gutta¬ 
percha in such a manner as to unite the gutta-percha coverings to 
the metallic conductor, and form a solid core, free from roughness 
and air bubbles. 

14. The resistance of the insulator at 75° Fahr. (24 0 Cent.) to be 
less than 250 millions of B. A. units per knot fourteen days after 
manufacture, and after one minute’s electrification. 


33 


15 The core, when finished, shall be capable of resisting the pas¬ 
sage of water along the conductor when pressure of 600 pounds per 
square inch is applied at one end of a specimen 6 inches long. This 
test shall be applied at the contractor’s expense whenever the engi¬ 
neers may desire. 

16. The joints in the core are to be made by experienced work¬ 
men. Chatterton’s compound is to be used next the conductor, be¬ 
tween the layers of gutta-percha and outside all. In every case one 
joint maker is to be employed to join the conducting wire and 
another to supply the insulating covering. No joint in the com¬ 
pleted core at cable works is, under any circumstances, to be made 
except in the presence of inspectors, who will be appointed for this 
duty, and who will test and pass each joint. Sufficient time is to 
be allowed by the contractor for this operation. 

17. The joints, after they have been made six hours, shall test to 
the entire satisfaction of the engineers. 

18. To consist of a good and sufficient serving of jute yarn, well 
tanned and applied wet, extreme care to be taken in its application. 

19. The core shall be delivered for testing in lengths of not less 
than one knot. While being tested at the gutta-percha works, the 
core shall be immersed in water at the temperature of 75 0 , and shall 
have been previously maintained at that temperature for 24 hours. 
The lengths and weights of each coil shall be given. A margin of 
5 per cent, over and under the specified weights shall be allowed, 
but the mean .weight of the whole must be at least equal to the speci¬ 
fied weight. 

20. All coils approved of by the engineers shall be redelivered for 
further manufacture. 

21. All coils shall be numbered, labeled, and registered, and the 
engineers shall be kept cognizant of the portion of the cable into 
which each knot of the core is inserted. 

22. A separate and convenient room for testing the core and cable, 
and suitable space for batteries, is to be provided by the contractor, 
both at the gutta-percha manufactory and the sheathing works, and 
all the connections with the testing rooms to be made at the con¬ 
tractor’s expense. The contractor shall also provide a man to be in 
attendance on the electricians testing the core or cable. 

23. During the covering of the core, and after the completion of 
the cable, it may be continually tested by the engineers. 

24. Free access to the contractor’s cable works shall be given at all 
times to the engineers or persons whom they may appoint to inspect 
the manufacture of the cable, and full liberty for examining and 
testing every part of the materials or manufactured cable ; all ma¬ 
terials shall be liable to rejection. 

25. The core shall be coiled on drums and shall be kept under 
water until serving is begun; the drums to be carefully protected; 
the core when served to be coiled in water-tight tanks. 


238-3 



34 


26. The cable, when completed, is to be coiled underwater in suit¬ 
able water-tight tanks, so situated that it can be afterwards, at all 
tides, coiled on board vessels drawing 20 feet of water. The water 
is to be withdrawn by the contractor from the tanks and replaced 
if, and so often as, required by the engineers. 

27. The tanks and other parts of the manufactory where the cable 
is manufactured or stored are to be roofed over. 

28. Correct indicators are to be attached to each closing machine, 
showing the exact amount of cable manufactured, and the completed 
cable is to be marked at every nautical mile in the usual manner. 

29. Every facility is to be provided by the contractor for the ship¬ 
ment of the cable, and no vessels are to be moored off his works 
during the shipment in such a manner as to interfere therewith. 

30. Any additions or alterations in the manufacture of the cable 
as described in this specification, which may be required at any time 
by the engineers during the progress of the work, are to be made by 
the contractor upon terms to be then agreed upon ; or, in the event 
of difference, the price of such alteration is to be determined by 
arbitration in the usual manner. 

31. The contractor shall, at his cost, insure the cable against risk 
of damage by fire to the full amount of the advances made, the poli¬ 
cies to be effected in the name of the concessionaires or of the in¬ 
tended company and placed in their hands. 

32. The manufacture shall commence twenty-one days after the 
date of the order to begin the work and payment of the first install¬ 
ment of the contract sum. 

33. The following is the approximate length of cables that will be 
required, but these lengths may be modified from time to time by 
the company or their engineers, under clause 30, provided due notice 
of the same be given to the contractor : 


Cable D 
Cable E 
Cable F 


Knots. 

700 

54 

22 


Total_____ 776 

34. The foregoing includes a quarter of a mile of taper cable at 
the junctions of the thick cables with those of smaller diameter 


SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLE 

BETWEEN 

FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

SPECIFICATION NO. 3. 

FOR THE SHIPPING, TRANSPORT, AND LAYING OF THE CABLE BETWEEN 

BREST AND ST. PIERRE. 

i. The cable described in the Specification No. i, of equal date 
with this, shall be shipped from the contractor’s works, conveyed to 







35 


the neighborhood of Brest or St. Pierre, and laid between such points 
of the coast as may be hereafter selected by the engineers. 

2. The cable shall be shipped from the contractor’s works with 
such machinery and in such manner as shall be approved of by the 
company s engineers; or in case of difference with the contractors 
Mr. John Penn to decide. The cable B shall receive at the same 
time a thorough coating of chalk and water. 

3. The contractor to supply at his own expense and risk the neces¬ 
sary steam tonnage, including coals, crew, and all supplies and wages, 
and fit the steamer or steamers out with all necessary approved 
machinery and appliances (including all electrical instruments and 
batteries) for laying the cable, buoying it, picking it up, etc. The 
machiner) and appliances to be approved by the company’s engi¬ 
neers; or in case of difference, shall be such as shall be approved by 
Mr. John Penn. 

. 4 * The steamers to be fitted up with good and sufficient water¬ 
tight cable tanks, thoroughly secured. 

5. No cable shall be shipped until the fitness of the hold shall have 
been certified by the engineers or their inspector. Every knot of 
the cable when put on board shall be carefully marked with a tally 
on which the number of the knot shall be stamped. 

6. Previous to the departure of the expedition, the engineers of 
the company and of the contractor shall mutually agree upon the 
course over which the several cables shall be laid, and the positions 
in which the different sized cables shall be placed. After such deci¬ 
sion is come to no deviation shall take place without the mutual con¬ 
sent of the above-named parties. 

7. The engineers of the company to select the several landing 
places in conjunction with the contractor’s engineer or ag*ent. 

8. During the laying the engineers of the company shall be con¬ 
sulted by the contractor’s engineer as to the proper amount of slack 
to be laid, and the retarding strain to be put upon the cable, also the 
speed of paying out, and all incidental questions that may arise 
during the process of paying out the cable or hauling back, should 
such latter be found necessary; but the ultimate decision shall remain 
with the contractor’s engineers. Such agreement or acquiescence 
of the company’s engineers is in no way to relieve the contractor of 
any responsibility. The engineers to have the right of having com¬ 
munication with the shore forwarded through the cable at reasonable 
times during the laying. 

9. During the laying an accurate log must be kept by the con¬ 
tractor’s engineer, on a form to be approved of by the company’s 
engineers, and copies of this log to be at all times open to the 
inspection of the company’s engineers, who shall be furnished with 
all necessary information for filling up a similar log during the prog¬ 
ress of paying out. 


36 


io. The position of the ship shall be accurately determined by ob¬ 
servations as often as possible during the paying out of the cable, 
and the course marked down on the best published chart of the 
Atlantic. 

i i. In four different places, to be mutually agreed to by the engi¬ 
neers of the company and contractor, about 3 knots of slack shall be 
laid in a zigzag course to facilitate the picking-up and testing of 
the cable, should such ever become necessary. 

12. The cable shall on its completion be handed over to the officers 
of the company for their use and inspection. 

13. Ever}^ facility shall be afforded to the engineers and their 
assistants to test every part of the cable during shipment and trans¬ 
port. During the laying the testing shall be in the hands of the con¬ 
tractor, but shall be open to the continual inspection of the engi¬ 
neers or their assistants on board ship and on shore. The principle 
of testing to be the same as adopted in laying the Atlantic cable of 
1866, or any improvement that may be agreed upon. 

The condition of the cable when laid shall be such that the tests 
of the conductor and insulator shall give no reasonable ground for 
believing that any deterioration or defect exists. The decision of 
the engineers to be binding, with an appeal to Sir William Thomson 
in case of disagreement. 

14. Should the contractor fail to complete the line, or should the 
tests of the line when completed be unsatisfactory, the contractor 
shall hand over all spare cable remaining after the failure or aban¬ 
donment of the expedition. 

15. The engineers may decline to allow any portion of the cable 
to be laid which is in their opinion damaged or unfit for use, and 
the contractor shall replace any cable damaged during shipment or 
transport. 

16. The contractor shall provide accommodations and victualing 
for the company’s engineers and staff (not exceeding ten) on board 
the ship laying the cable. This obligation shall extend over the 
whole time during which any of the vessels shall be employed in 
laying the cables. 

17. All disbursements whatsoever, necessary for carrying out the 
present specification, shall be at the charge of the contractor (unless 
where exceptions are specifically named), and he shall not be entitled 
to claim any allowance on account of delays, whether these arise from 
unavoidable causes or otherwise. 

18. The contractor shall, at his own cost, insure the cable against 
risk by sea and fire during transport, and the policy shall be effected 
in the name of the parties of the first part, or of the intended company, 
and placed in their hands. 

19. Any surplus cable shall be delivered to the company at some 
one station or stations to be agreed upon before the sailing of the 


37 


expedition from Brest; or, in case of difference, to be settled by arbi¬ 
tration. The contractors may ship at their own risk such lengths 
of cable as they think fit, in addition to the specified lengths; and in 
case any such additional cable is paid out with the consent of the 
company’s engineers, it shall be paid for in cash on completion of 
the section, at the rate of £220 a mile, up to the sum of ^20,000. 

20. The contractor shall, at his own expense and risk, at each land¬ 
ing place bury the cable in a good and sufficient trench, if required, 
to the extent of 200 yards from high-water mark, in such a position 
as shall be pointed out by the company’s engineers. 

21. All further land connections shall be made at the expense and 
risk of the company by their engineers. 

22. During the thirty days’ tests, after the completion of the whole 
line, the contractor shall keep a suitable vessel for such repairs as 
may possibly be required. 

23. Any additions or alterations to the contract for laying and 
transporting the cable, or any alteration in the destination or length 
of the cable, which may be required at any time during the progress 
of the work, shall be made upon terms to be then agreed on. 


38 

The Lengths and Weights of some Important Carles. 


TERMINI OF THE CABLE. 

Date of lay¬ 

ing. 

Length in 
nautical 

miles. 

Min oil—St. Pierre 

18G9 

2, 648 

Marsei lies—A1 ger 

1871 

499 { 

Lizard—Bilbao 

1873 

. 

619- 

Yalentia—Heart’s Content. 

1873 

1,876 - 

1 

Lisbon—Madeira 

1873 

l 

613 

Madeira—St. Vincent 

1874 

1,196-j 

Jamaica—Puerto Rico_ 

1874 

647 < 

St. Vincent—Pernambuco _ 

1874 

1,844- 

Botanv Bay—Nelson 

1876 

1,282{ 

1 

Suez—Aden __ __ 

1876 

1,443- 

Aden—Bombay 

1877 

1,888-, 

Penang—Rangoon 

1877 

853 J 

Marseilles—Bona 

1877 

i 

463 

Bona—Malta_ 

1877 

382 | 

Delago—Mozambique _ _ 

1878 

966 

[ 

Mozambique—Zanzibar_ 

187!) 

631 

Singapore—Java 

1879 

919 { 

1 

l 

Aden—Zanzibar __ 

1879 

1, 908 -J 

Brest—St. Pierre__ 

1879 

2, 242 ^ 

Banjuwangi—Port Darwin. 

1880 

1,131J 

Valentia—Heart’s Content. 

1880 

( 

1) 423 | 

Singapore—Batavia 

1881 

537 | 

Valentia—Gretseil 

1882 

8411 


Weights per nautical mile. 


Copper. 

Gutta¬ 

percha. 

Iron. 

Jute. 

As¬ 

phalt. 

Total. 

Remarks. 

Pounds. 
399.98 

Pounds. 
400. 20 

Tons. 

Tons. 

0.106 

Tons. 

Tons. 

1. 678 

Deep sea. 

107. 00 

165.95 

3.843 

0.214 

0. 475 

4.651 

Shore end. 

107.00 

165.95 

1.076 

0. 068 

0. 256 

1.539 

Deep sea. 

120.00 

175.00 

10.026 

0.527 

1.529 

12.192 

Shore end. 

120. 00 

175.00 

5.451 

0.356 

0. 762 

6. 706 

Intermediate. 

120. 00 

175.00 

2. 730 

0.094 

0. 482 

3.436 

Do. 

120.00 

175.00 

1.930 

0. 190 

0.419 

2. 672 

Do. 

120. 00 

175.00 

0. 655 

0.096 

0. 839 

1.724 

Deep sea. 

400. 00 

400. 00 

17. 740 

1.711 

_ 

19. 813 

Shore end. 

400. 00 

400.00 

9. 796 

0. 651 

2.021 

12. 830 

Intermediate. 

400.00 

400.00 

3.404 

0.167 

0. 506 

4.439 

Do. 

400.00 

400.00 

2.458 

0. 091 

0. 394 

3.509 

Do. 

400. 00 

400.00 

0. 673 

0.149 

1.097 

2.282 

Deep sea. 

120.00 

175. 00 

9. 602 

0. 762 

1.358 

11.882 

Shore end. 

120.00 

175.00 

2.730 

0. 095 

0.477 

3.436 

Intermediate. 

120. 00 

175. 00 

1.930 

0.190 

0.419 

2. 672 

Do. 

120.00 

175.00 

0. 646 

0.139 

0. 955 

1.875 

Deep sea. 

107.13 

140.00 

9.647 

0.615 

1.282 

11.656 

Shore end. 

107.13 

140. 00 

3.236 

0.131 

0.412 

3.891 

Intermediate. 

107.13 

140.00 

1.163 

0.096 

0.302 

1.673 

Deep sea. 

255. 00 

340.43 

9.602 

0.774 

1.358 

12.005 

Shore end. 

255. 00 

340.43 

1.930 

0.190 

0.419 

2.810 

Intermediate. 

255. 00 

340. 43 

1.282 

0. 064 

0.393 

2.011 

Do. 

255. 00 

340. 43 

0.716 

0.155 

1.101 

2. 224 

Deep sea. 

107.00 

140.00 

10.026 

0.660 

1.138 

11. 908 

Shore end. 

107.00 

140.00 

2.743 

0. 096 

0. 645 

3.597 

Intermediate. 

107.00 

140. 00 

1.077 

0. 081 

0.457 

1.727 

Do. 

107.00 

140. 00 

0.645 

0. 203 

0. 3.86 

1.346 

Deep sea. 

120.00 

175.00 

10. Ill 

0. 851 

1.256 

12.351 

Shore end. 

120. 00 

175.00 

2.894 

0.103 

0.442 

3.571 

Intermediate. 

120. 00 

175. 00 

1.897 

0.118 

0. 398 

2. 546 

Do. 

120. 00 

175.60 

1.174 

0.103 

0. 382 

1.792 

Deep sea. 

180. 00 

240.00 

11.582 

0. 705 

0. 579 

13.056 

Shore end. 

180. 00 

240. 00 

9.970 

0.421 

1.577 

12.152 

Do. 

180. 00 

240.00 

5.475 

0.285 

0. 698 

6.649 

Intermediate. 

180. 00 

240. 00 

2.872 

0.113 

0.585 

3.761 

Do. 

180.00 

240. 00 

0. 636 

0. 204 

0. 258 

1.288 

Deep sea. 

107.00 

140. 00 

9. 957 

0. 457 

1. 676 

12. 202 

Shore end. 

107. 00 

140. 00 

2.896 

0.127 

0.492 

3.626 

Intermediate. 

107.00 

140.00 

1.077 

0.094 

0. 296 

1.579 

Deep sea. 

107.00 

140. 00 

9.957 

0. 660 

1.138 

11.867 

Shore end. 

107.00 

140. 00 

2. 946 

0. 248 

0 447 

3. 751 

Intermediate. 

107.00 

140. 00 

1. 079 

0.146 

0.302 

1.643 

Deep sea. 

107.00 

140. 00 

10.516 

0. 686 

1.042 

12.356 

Shore end. 

107.00 

140. 00 

5.314 

0.406 

0. 796 

6. 626 

Intermediate. 

107.00 

140. 00 

2.848 

0. 229 

0. 566 

3. 751 

Do. 

107.00 

140.00 

0. 876 

0. 076 

0. 342 

1.409 

Deep sea. 

107.00 

140.00 

0.864 

0.051 

0. 368 

1.394 

Do. 

107. 00 

140.00 

0.635 

0.190 

0.525 

1.465 

Do. 

107. 00 

140.00 

10.519 

0. 686 

1.042 

12.356 

Shore end. 

107.00 

140.00 

5. 314 

0.406 

0. 793 

6. 626 

Intermediate. 

107.00 

140. 00 

2.848 

0. 229 

0.563 

3. 751 

Deep sea. 

107. 00 

140. 00 

1. 800 

0.117 

0. 508 

2. 537 

Do. 

250.00 

250.00 

10. 516 

0. 686 

1.042 

12.471 

Shore end. 

250.00 

250.00 

5.314 

0. 406 

0. 793 

6. 740 

Intermediate. 

250. 00 

250. 00 

3.414 | 

0.147 

0. 626 

4.414 

Do. 

250. 00 

250. 00 

0.635 1 

0.190 

0.525 

1.465 

Deep sea. 

485. 00 

397. 00 

0.860 

0.079 

0. 400 

1.739 

Do. 

107.00 

140. 00 

10.516 

0. 686 

1.042 

12.356 

Shore end.. 

107.00 

140. 00 

2.848 

0. 229 

0.563 

3. 751 

Iutermediate. 

107.00 

140. 00 

0.864 

0 051 

0. 368 

1.394 

Deep sea. 

300.00 

300. 00 

0.874 

0.117 

0. 737 

1.998 

Do. 

300.00 

300. 00 

0.731 1 

0.117 

0. 716 

1.836 

Do. 

107. 00 

140. 00 

10.516 

0. 686 

1.042 

12,356 

Shore end. 

107.00 

140. 00 

2.846 1 

0. 229 

0. 563 

3.751 

Deep sea. 

130.00 

130.00 

12.091 

0. 559 

0.406 

13.174 

Shore end. 

130. 00 

130.00 

5.690 

0. 356 

0. 643 

6. 837 

Intermediate. 

130.00 

130. 00 

2.820 

| 

0.127 

0.507 

3.576 

Deep sea. 
















































































39 


The Names and Addresses of Those Engaged in Manufacturing Electric 

Cables. 


Name. 


Appleton, Burbey & Williamson_ 

Armstrong’s Glass Co., Limited_ 

Berthoud, Borel & Co___ 

Bishop Gutta-Percha Co . . _ 

Borris Maison (Honry, Aboilard & Company)_ 

British Insulated Wire Co., Limited_ 

Bullers, Limited_ 

Callendor’s Bitumen Telegraph and Waterproof Co., 
Limited. 

Chamberlain, H. F_ 

Clark (Latimer), Muirhead & Co., Limited_ 

Crompton & Co., Limited__ 

Day, A. G_ 

Eastern Electric Cable Co_ 

Felton & Guillaume_ 

Fowler-Waring Cables Co., Limited_ 

Francois, Grellon & Cie_ 

General e.lectric Co., Limited_ 

Hen (Leon) & Co_ 

Henley’s (W. T.), Telegraph Works Co., Limited_ 

Hooper’s Telegraph and India Rubber Works_ 

India Rubber, Gutta-percha, and Telegraph Works_ 

International Okonite Co., Limited_ 

International Okonite Co_ 

Johnson & Phillips_ 

Laing, Wharton & Down_ 

London Electric Wire Co_ 

Marting & Co__ 

Mayol & Co_ 

Napier (R.) & Sons__ 

Nonhern Electric Wire and Cable Mfg. Co., Limited_ 

Nussbaum, G. A__ 

Pirelli & Co. Telegraph Works_ 

Phillipps Bros’. Sea Telegraph Works_ 

Reid Bros_ 

Siemens Bros. & Co., Limited_ 

Siemens & Halske_ 

Standard Underground Cable Co_ 

Tat ham & Bros__ 

Tedeschi V. et Cie_ 

Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Co., Limited, 

Telegraph Mfg. Co., Limited_ 

Thompson (Robert) & Sons_ 


Addresses. 


92 Queen Victoria street, Loudon, E. C., England. 
Birmingham, England. 

Cortaillord, Neuchatel, Switzerland. 

420-426 East 25th street, New York City. 

18 Rue Montmartre, Paris, France. 

Prescot, Lancashire, England. 

23 and 33 Queen street, London, England. 

101 Leadenhall street, London, England. 

Ramsley, Yorkshire, England. 

23 Regency street, Westminster, S. W., London, 
England. 

Mansion House Buildings, London, E. C., England. 

16 Dey street. New' York City. 

61 and 63 Hampshire street, Boston, Massachusetts. 
Carlswork, Mulheim-on-Rhine, Germany. 

4 Victoria Mansions, Victoria street, London, England. 
43 Rue des Entreprenears, Paris, France. 

71 Queen Victoria street, London, England. 

10 Rue Stephenson, Brussels, Belgium. 

27 Martin’s Lane, Cannon street, London, England. 
31 Lombard street, London, England. 

106 Cannon street, London, England. 

98 and 100 Queen Victoria street, London, England. 

13 Park Row, New York City. 

14 Union court, Old Broad street, London, England. 
82 a New Broad street and 17 Grace-Church street, 

London, E. C., England. 

Anchor Works, Playhouse Yard, Golden Lane, Lon¬ 
don, England. 

30 Rue du Faubourg, Poissoniere, Paris, France. 

95 Gerona, Barcelona, Spain. 

Govan, Glasgow, Scotland. 

Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

29 Ludgate Hill, London, England. 

Milan and Spezzia, Italy. 

Hackney Wick, London, England. 

12 Wharf Road, City Road, Loudon, England. 

12 Queen Anne’s Gate, S. W. London, England. 
Charlottenburg and Vienna, Austria. 

Westinghouse Building, Pittsburg, Penn., U. S. A. 
226 and 228 S. 5th street., Philadelphia,Penn., U. S. A. 
101 Barreira di Lanzo, Turin, Italy. 

Morden and Enderby’s Wharves, Greenwich, andS. E. 

and Wharf Road, London, England. 

Helsby near Warrington, and No. 11 Queen Victoria 
street, London, England. 

Soutliwick Yard and Bridge Dockyard, Sunderland 
England. 




















































40 

Vessels Engaged in Cable Laying Throughout the World. 


Owner. 

Name 
of steamer. 

% to 
o a 

5 g 

o 

d 

.5 a] 
gw 
& 

Name of captain. 

i 

Usual statiou. 


Minia 

1, 986 

250 

S. Trott _ 

Halifax, N. S. 


Newfield 

' 785 

90 

C. J. Atkins_ 

Halifax, N. S. 

f!p/nt.ra.l a,nrl Smith Amnriran Do 

Relay 



W. R. Sugar 

Callao. 

Onm marm a.l C!a,hlfi On 

Mackay-Benuett 

1,718 

300 

E. G. Schenk 

Halifax, N. S. 

Compagnie Francaise Telegraphe de 

Pouyer-Quertier _ 

l' 385 

160 

Stuart Fossard- 

Havre. 

Paris a New York. 






ChinfiSfi fFnrmosa'l (4nvp.rnmcnf 

Fee Cheu 

1,034 

150 

E. Piper._ 

Formosa. 

Eastern Telegraph Co 

Amber _ _ 

' 978 

160 

R. Greey _ 

Mediterranean. 

"Rastfirn Tfilfipraph On 

Electra 

1.000 

200 

Scott Smith _ 

Suez. 

Eastern Telegraph Co 

John Pender 

1,213 

98 

W. Perkins __ 

London. 

Eastern Telegraph Co 

Mirror 

1.500 


G. Pattison ... 

Gibraltar. 

Eastern Telegraph Cn 

Chiltern_ 

1,304 

200 

J. W. Starkey. 

Aden. 

Eastern and South African Co 

Great Northern 

1,352 

130 

C. B. Morfee 

Cape Town. 

Eastern Extension Co 

Recorder 

1/201 

250 

C. 0. Madge_ 

Singapore. 

Eastern Extension Co 

Sherard Osborn 

1, 429 

900 

W. Fawcus _ 

Singapore. 

French Government 

Ampere 

304 

71 


Brest. 

French Government 

Chareute 

548 

120 


La Seyne. 

General Post Office, British Govern- 

H. M. T. S. Mon- 

1,121 

1,040 

J.E. Thompson, N.C. 

Woolwich. 

ment. 

arch. 





General Post Office, British Govern- 

H. M. T. S. Lady 

369 

105 

J. Wrake__ . 

Dover. 

ment. 

Carmichael. 





Great Northern Co 

H. C. Oersted _ 

749 

120 

G. Oersted 

Copenhagen. 

Great Northern Co 

Stere Nordiske _ 

832 

120 

Einar Suenson 

Shanghai. 

Henley’s Co 

Westmeath 

3,191 

300 

A. Stonehouse _ 

London. 

India Rubber, Gutta-percha, and 

Buccaneer 

'785 

180 

D. W. Barker 

Silvertown. 

Telegraph Works. 






India Rubber, Gutta-percha, and 

Dacia 

1,856 

170 


Silvertown. 

Telegraph Works. 






India Rubber, Gutta-percha, and 

International_ 

1,381 

110 


Silvertown. 

Telegraph Works. 






India Rubber, Gutta-percha, and 

Silvertown _ _ 

4, 935 

400 

A. S. Thompson_ 

Silvertown. 

Telegraph Works. 






Indian Government 

I. G. T. S. Patrick 

1,115 

130 

W. A. Tindall 

Karachi. 


Stewart. 





Pirelli and Co 

Cittadi Milano 

1,"220 

220 


Spezzia. 

Siemens Bros. & Co _ _ . . 

Faraday. _ _ 

4, 917 

500 

P. Le Fanu _ ._ 

London. 

Telegraph Construction and Main- 

Britannia 

1,525 

200 

J. Kennedy 

London 

tenance Co. 






Telegraph Construction and Main- 

Calabria_ _ 

3,321 

220 

IP. Woodcock 

London. 

tenance Co. 






Telegraph Construction and Main- 

Scotia, 

4, 667 

550 

W. R. Cato 

London. 

tenance Co. 





Telegraph Construction and Main- 

Seine 

3, 553 

500 

J. Seymour 

London. 

tenance Co. 






Western and Brazilian Cn 

Norseman 

1,372 

200 

W. H. Lacy 

Pernambuco 

Western and Brazilian Co. _ __ 

Vikine- 

436 

60 

H. H. Adamson 

INI < intfivifjfio 

West Coast of America Co__ 

Retriever. 

624 

95 


Callao 

West Indian and Panama Co 

Duchess of Marl- 

402 

80 

J. W. Dickinson _ 

West Indies. 


borough. 





West Indian and Panama, Co 

Grappler _ 

868 

100 

J. Farrier 

West Indies. 








































































































































" t 






. 


















V! ( • ! 























































Tcoxdm 


Lan^yei 

■vraatieB ^ 


(jmi'Hiidii 


■"■.SToruea 

t/llj-nlicsliid 
^'Soimisk i Pos 

v, ' t<,a V 

w-T A 


(An-ljiangVl 


Totnjsfc 




Nu ua imii'K 

Vi.t.nuv 
Pt-Aug* 1 *"i[ 
Portland^ 




Al*i (Sreje 

&••*.« U- 

AstOfLft 


Unb 


Urn ptjua 4, 


iAwom.ni 


u.iwodak 

Hioldiariy: 


4 ZOKF.S 


o id rtL al 


iLitliore 


San HI a p f * 
Mau^aniTf.v. 


Szssk* 


Hai-pa^ 

Tonquxn 


IJhavnaj 


Wasstmnli( 


lamSiou 


riitnea 


•uaventiira. 


{Gaboon 


liOKSKo’ 


s tjn*- 


Libreville 


iHura 


Pavti 


■mainbuc< 


Zanzibar* 


wzem 


SrPniil dv Loaxulo 


Mnak 


ruijoe' 


[bepan.^ 


'urp 


Tamatave 


Hn+buah Bay 

el'iirtnw 


.ui'itiliai 


Pretoria* 


Kimberl* 


ipiinib 
iii - ni sr 


’nlviu 


iiimos 


Bah m. Blttncui 
'm meu de Pat. hi 


FWto MortlT 


Grffle! 


Griaaelliai 
’bi’istiaula 
)\ StOolilLoix 


jNassan. 


Lerwirvk 


aii^fesuaidl 

StavaugVi 


leve] 


palato 


Sebastopol / 1 


anxpic 


noway. 


I »< itteubv 


Chris' 1 -"^ 


Haiwl. 


Tprrauovi 


(tuope 


i>ntci 


fAnti^ua. 

rtiailel. 


Ip^1>ig'geti 

'lewe as tie 


LOiri^sWi-d 


I'ati'/d* 


I.iibevlP 


.Villa He; 


Iobei'tad 


Li/ H,,u v\ 

lolv Head] 
I Lowest 
iVford I 


id imqno 
•burbiulc 


Tangiersf 


Sousa. 


\l)uigLi. 


iruas. 


«?orge1 


III h: SUBMARINE TABLES OF THE WORLD 

WITH TUB PRINCIPAL c onn ectino i.anp links and the ska coast stations 


ardson. Clover, hieut.-n.int-Commander. tt.SJTa.vy, (fydrympl, 


No. 1334 
























































































































































































































f 


41 

THE SUBMARINE CABLES OF THE WORLD. 

The following - table sets forth the entire system of submarine 
cables of the world including those along the shores and in the bays, 
gulfs, and estuaries of rivers, but excepting those in lakes and the 
interior water courses of continents. Under the name of each nation 
is given the list of cables operated by the government of that nation, 
and there is also added a list of those operated by private companies: 


Countries. 

Year of laying. 

Number of con¬ 
ductors. 

Length in nautical 

MILES— 

Of the 
cable. 

Of the 
developed 
core. 

AUSTRIA. 





Across the lagoons near Grado __ . 

1877 

1 

3.27 

3.27 

Promonotore Pt. (Istria) to Porer Lighthouse.. _ _ _ __ 

1871 

1 

1.29 

1.29 

Filipassi (Istria) to Cherso Inland __ _ 

18(58 

1 

3.19 

3.19 

Val Stupova (Istria - ) to Cherso Island _ ... 

1S80 

1 

3.21 

3.21 

Val Prestova (Istria) to Cherso Island . . 

1881 

1 

3.34 

3.34 

Cherso Island to Veglia Island _ 

1871 

2 

3.06 

6.12 

Veglia Island to Arbe Island 

1871 

1 

5.85 

5.85 

Veglia Island to San Spasso (Hungary) _ __ _ 

1869 

1 

5. 52 

5.52 

Arbe Island to Puntaloni (Pago Island)- - 

1871 

1 

3.67 

3. 67 

Cherso Island to Lussin Island 

1872 

2 

0.08 

0.16 

Lussin Island to Selve Island. 

1875 

1 

8.09 

8.09 

Selve Island to Puntadura Island_ _ _ . 

1869 

1 

15.09 

15.09 

Puntadura Island to Brevilaqua (Dalmatia) 

1869 

1 

0. 33 

0.33 

Pago Island to San Vito (Dalmatia) ... 

1871 

2 

0.42 

0.84 

Stretto (Morter Island) to coast of Dalmatia __ 

1874 

2 

0. 04 

0.08 

Smrienjak (Dalmatia* to Kainerak (Dalmatia) _ ___ 

1876 

1 

0.38 

0. 38 

Gay (Dalmatia) to Zlarin Island ... _ _ __ 

1881 

1 

1.08 

1.08 

Rogosnizza to the coast of Dalmatia __ 

1891 

1 

0.01 

0.01 

Montegrosso (Dalmatia) to Brazza Island _ _ _ 

1876 

1 

5.17 

5.17 

Brazza Island to Solta Island 

1874 

1 

1.38 

1.38 

Brazza Island to Lesina Island.. _ . ____ 

1876 

1 

3. 85 

3.85 

Lesina Island to Igrane (Dalmatia) _ __ 

1871 

1 

3.73 

3.73 

Lesina Island to Lissa Island _ . 

1871 

1 

12.12 

12.12 

Lesina Island to Sabioncello Peninsula (Dalmatia) _ 

1862 

1 

4.47 

4.47 

Sabioncello Peninsula to Curzola Island .... 

1862 

2 

1.19 

2.38 

Curzola Island to Lagosta Island _ _ 

1891 

1 

9.70 

9. 70 

Across the mouth of the Nareuta (Torre di Norino, Dalmatia) 

1863 

4 

0.13 

0.52 

Ombla, near Ragusa (Dalmatia) . _ _ __ _ 

1854 

5 

0.20 

1.00 

Across the mouth of the Cattaro (Prevacca-Zanetorre) 

1871 

1 

3. 96 

3.96 

Across the mouth of the Cattaro (Cattena) 

1868 

4 

0.46 

1.84 

Across the mouth of the Cattaro (Andrie-Perasto) ... __ 

1868 

2 

0. 66 

1.32 

BELGIUM. 





Middelkerke (near Ostend) to Ramsgate, England__ __ 

1853 

6 

61.50 

369.00 

Panne (near Furness) to Dover, England ... __ _ _ 

1866 

4 

47.00 

188.00 

SPAIN. 





Javea to Port Roig (Iviza Island) _ __ 

1888 

1 

60.10 

60.10 

Grosa Point (Iviza Island) to Station Ponza (Majorca Island) __ _ 

1879 

1 

52.10 

52.10 

Cape Pera (Majorca Island) to Calambosch (Minorca Island)_ _ 

1871 

1 

23.33 

23.33 

Tuuara (near Algeciras) to Ceuta (Africa).. _... _ _ 

1S91 

1 

20. 00 

20.00 

Almeria to Alhoran (Africa) 

1891 

1 

76. 00 

76.00 

Alboran to Melilla (Africa) 

1891 

1 

48.00 

48.00 

Melilla to Cliafarinas (Africa) _ 

1891 

1 

26.50 

26.50 

Melil'ato Alliucemas (Africa) _ _ ___ __ 

1891 

1 

76.00 

76.00 

Alhucemas to Penon de Velez de la Gomera (Africa) ._ __ __ _ 

1891 

1 

28. 00 

28.00 

ITALY. 





Piagetta 31iniscola (near Pozzuli, Naples) to Cala Lingua (Procida Island). 

1869 

1 

1.89 

1.89 

Piagetta Gerace (Procida Island) to Piagetta Mandra (Ischia Island) 

1869 

1 

2.54 

2.54 

Peschiera de Bagerbus (near Iglesias, Sardinia) to Cala Piana (near Carlo- 

1869 

1 

3.74 

3.74 

forte, St. Pierre Island). 





Cala Martinella (Sardinia) to Cala Teggi (Maddeleua Island_ 

1869 

1 

1.06 

1.06 

Cava dei Forzati (near Piombino) to Fornacelle (near Rio Marina, Elba 

1869 

1 

5. 94 

5.94 

Island). 





Venice to Chioggia_ 

1868 

1 

1.89 

1.89 

Punta Tramontana (near St. Teodoro, Sicily) to Punta Rosa (Favignana 

1883 

1 1 

5.22 

5.22 

Islands). 





Cala Mitigliano (near Sorento, Naples) to Marina di Capri, (Capri Island __ 

1884 

1 

4.45 

4 . 4 S 


i 





















































































42 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


ITALY—Continued. 

Capo lalcone (near Portotorres, Sardinia) to Asmara Island_ 1885 

Santo Stefano Island to Yentotene Island 

Venice to Murano Island_ 

Venice to Gindecci Island_ 


Pezzolo (near Bagnara, Calabre) to Torre di Faro (Sicily)__ 

Milazzo (Sicily) to Lipari (Lipari Island) 

Acquacalda (near Lipari) to Salina Island_ 

Torre Cannelle (near Orbctello) to Marinella Vecchia (Sardinia) 

Torremiletto to Tremitti Island_ _ _ _ 

Mazzara (Sicily) to Pantelleria Island,,"" 

Panarea Island to Stromboli Island_’1."*”"’” ““ 

Lipari Island to Panarea Island_ 

Vulcano Island to Lipari Island 

Leghorn to Gorgona Island_~_1_~ 

Monteargentario to Giglio Island 
Palermo to Ustica Island__ 

Naples to Palermo_ 

Elba Island to Capraia Island_ 

Elba to Pianosa Island_ 

Montecirceo to Ponza Island ~ ' ~~ 

Ponza Island to Ventotene Island 


Assab to Massoua’h. 


GERMANY. 


From Mem el across the entrance to Curische Gulf . 
I rom Pilan across the entrance to Frische Gulf_ 

Stralsund to Diinholm Island_ 


panholm Island to Rigge (Riigen Island)_ 

Danholm Island to Grahlerfalire (Rugen Island)_ 

Wittower Posthaus (Riigen Island) to Hiddensee Island 
ihiessovv (Rugen Island) to Greifswalder Oie_ 

JLhiessow (Riigen Island) to Ruden Island_ 

Rugen Island to Waase (Unimanz Island)_ 

Across Fehmarn St. from Heiligenhafen to Fehmarn Island' 

Acioss Eckensund St. from Flensburg to Eckensund_ 

Across Alsen St. near Sonderburg (Alsen Island)_I_~~ 

Astrup (Schleswig) to Toftum (Rom Island)_ 

Sibbershusum (Schleswig) to Nbsse (Sylt Island)_ 

Suderfedderbiill (Schleswig) to Vogelkoje (Fblir Island)_ 


( Fiihr Island ) to Norddorf (Amrum Island) 

Wittdune (Amrum Island) to Johanishorn (Pellworm Island). 

Kraienhorn (Pellworm Island) to Mitteldeichshorn (Nordstram 

Morsundeich (Nordstrand Island) to Sterdebull (Schleswig)_ 

Duhuen (Near Cuxhaven) to Neuwerk Island_ 


Fedderwardersiel to the Weser Light (Hoher Wes:) 
Holier Weg to Bother Sand Light (Weser River) 
Carolinensiel to Wangeroog_ 


Vinkenpolder (Norden) to Norderney Islands_ 

Norderney Islands via Juist and Borkum to Hauen_ 

Misselwardersiel via Meyers Ledge Light to Eversand lights 
Lux haven to Heligoland, via Neuwerk (Neuwerk Island) ___ 

Schillighorn to Heligoland_ 


Arcona (Riigen Island) to Trelloborg (Sweden)_ 

?,?nf, r ,u SC ff/ e AY ig) T°, Ar< ; ndal ( Norwa y) 'ia Westerland (Sylt Island)'" 
Funenshaff (Alsen Island) to Hornenaes Fionie Island) 

Norddeich (Norden) to Norderney _ 



1 

I Year of laying. 

Number of con¬ 
ductors. 

Length in nautical 

MILES— 

Of the 
cable. 

Of the 
developed 
core. 


_ 1885 

1 

1.01 

1.01 



1 

1.00 

1.00 


1887 

1 

0.77 

0.77 


1888 

1 

1.02 

1.02 


(1884 

3 

7.82 

23.46 


J1886 

3 

7.95 

23. 85 


1886 

3 

8.47 

25.41 


(1889 

3 

7.86 

23. 58 


1881 

1 

25.45 

25.45 


1882 

1 

5. 96 

5. 96 


1875 

1 

118.04 

118.04 


1887 

1 

13. 25 

13. 25 


1887 

1 

63.00 

63. 00 


1887 

1 

13.89 

13. 89 


1887 

1 

10. 01 

10.01 


1887 

1 £87 

1 

1.57 

1.57 



1 

iy. 4i 

19.41 


1887 

1 

10. 67 

10. 67 


1888 

1 

36. 69 

36.69 


51888,1 

^18905 

1 

220. 05 

220.05 


1888 

1 

26. 79 

26.79 


1888 

1 

9.89 

9.89 


1888 

1 

23. 65 

23. 65 


1888 

1 

24. 32 

24.32 


1864 

1 

50. 22 

50.22 


1887 

1 

332. 99 

332.99 


1877 

3 

0.31 

0. 93 


1880 

1 

0. 29 

0.29 


tl 854 

3 

0.15 

0.45 


<1876 

3 

0.15 

0.45 


(1S80 

4 

0.15 

0. 60 


1864 

3 

0.81 

2.43 


51877 

4 

0. 64 

2.56 


)1880 

4 

0.66 

2. 64 


1873 

1 

1.18 

1.18 


1885 

1 

8.71 

8. 71 


1885 

1 

5.35 

5.35 


1883 

1 

0.17 

0.17 


1876 

1 

0.89 

0. 89 


1879 

3 

0. 11 

0.33 


1880 

7 

0.16 

1.12 


(18§3 

1 

5.13 

5.13 


1876 

1 

5.00 

5.00 


1879 

1 

6.48 

6. 48 


(1880 

1 

4.54 

4.54 


U871 

1 

4.78 

4.78 


1880 

1 

2.21 

2.21 


1880 

1 

12.52 

12.52 


>1880 

1 

4.40 

4.40 


>1866 

1 

4. 92 

4. 92 


1880 

1 

2.21 

2.21 


1872 

1 

2.55 

2.55 


1870) 




...< 

18735 

1 

5.70 

5. 70 


1875 

1 

10.03 

10.03 


1885 

1 

11.34 

11.34 


1889 

3 

7.82 

7.82 

ds 

1874 

1 

30. 70 

30. 70 

5 

1858 

1 

4.27 

4. 27 

) 

1883 

3 

4. 64 

13.92 

s 

1870> 





18875 

1 

38. 61 

38.61 


1887 

1 

6. 64 

6. 64 


1885 

1 

8.83 

8.83 

s 

1891 

1 

32. 95 

32.95 

<> 

1891 

1 

1.03 

1.03 


1865 

3 

44.74 

134.22 

— 

1879 

3 

252.09 

756.27 


1878 

3 

6.00 

18.00 


1866 

4 

5.19 

20.76 

— 

1871 

4 

226.36 

905.44 




































































































































































Plate III. 




STEAMER '‘ALBATROSS.”—SOUNDING : SINKER GOING DOWN 



















43 

I he Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


GREECE. 


Raffiua to Pliygon, Euboea_ 

Across the bridge of Euboea (No. 1)_ 

Across the bridge of Euboea (No. 2)_ 

Euboea to Andros_ 

Skopelo Island to Skiatho Island__ 

Bathy to Trikiri (Volo)_ 

-Sigma Island to Methana_ 

Poros Island to Methana_ 

Poros Island to Galata_ 

Hydra Island to Kranidi_ 

Spezzia Island to Kranidi_ 

TEgina Island to Peiroeus_ 

Daphin to Salamis Islaud_ 

Salamis Island to St. Georgio Island_ 

Trepito to Zante Island_ 

Zante Island to Cephalonia Island_ 

Cephalonia Island to Ithaca Island_ 

Luxuri to Argostoli (Cephalonia Islaud)_ 

Kythnos Island to Seriphos Island_ 

Seriphos Island to Siphnos Island_ 

Andros Island to Tinos Island_ 

Sta. Maura Island to C< rfu Island_ 

Sta. Maura Island to Ithaca Island_ 

Corfu Island to Paxo Island_ 

Skyro Island to Euboea Island_ 

Tinos Island to Syra Island_ 

Tinos Island to Mykoni Island_ 

Mykoni Island to Delos Island_ 

Syra Island to Poros Island_ 

Poros Island to Naxos Island_ 

Poros Island to Siphano Island_ 

Siphano Island to Milo Island_ 

Naxos Island to Amorgo Islaud_ 

Nios Island to Naxos Islaud_ 

Nios Island to Therasia Island_ 

Nios Island to Sikinos Island_ 

Therasia Island to Anaphi Island_ 

Sikinos Island to Polykandro Island___ 

Skiatho Island to Art emission (Eubrea Islaud)_ 

Caraho (Euboea Island) to St. Demetrius_ 

Cerigo Island to Neapoli_!_ 

Petali Island to Euboea Island_ 

Rio to Antierion, No. 1_ 

Zea Island to Lauriuni_ 

Zea Island to Therma Island_ 

Oropos (near Chalkis) to Eretria (Euboea Island) 

FRANCE. 


Havre to Honfleur_ 

Point Grouin to Chausey Island_ 

Point Arcouest to Breliat Island_ 

Point Bloscou to Batz Island_ 

Laberildut to Ouessant Island_ 

Poiut Corsen to Molenes Island _ 

Trepasses Bay to Sein Island_ 

Trevignon to Penfret Island_ 

Graves Poiut to Groix Island_ 

Port Maria to Port Puce (Belle-isle)_ 

Port Maria to Port Jan __ 

I’ortblane to Iloedie Island_ 

Hoedie Island to Houat Island_ 

Houat Island to Sauzun (Belle-isle.)_ 

Barre (Vendee) to Fosse Point (Noirmontier Island) 
Vacherie Point to Corbeau Point (Yen Island)_ 

Rochelle to Re Island_ 

Fouras to Aix Island_ 

Fort Boyard to Aix Island-- 

Aix Island to Boyardville (Oleron Island)_.•_ 

Aix Islaud to St. Pierre (Oleron Island)_ 

Chaput Point to Point Ois (Oleron Island)_ 

Eudoume to Pomegues Island__ 


hb 

C 

tii 

O 

s 

0> 

r* 

;- 1 

Number of con¬ 
ductors. 

Length in nautical 
miles— 

Of the 
cable. 

Of the 
developed 
core. 

1879 

1 

13.35 

13.35 

1879 

1 

0.05 

0.0 5 

1884 

1 

0. 25 

0.2i 

1873 

1 

9.21 

9.2 0 

1884 

1 

7.60 

7. 6q 

1884 

1 

5.00 

5.0 2 

1884 

1 

4. 42 

4.4 5 

1884 

1 

0.15 

0.1 5 

Si 884 

1 

0.15 

0.1 5 

(1888 

1 

0.15 

o.io 

1873 

1 

4.50 

4.5o 

1869 

l 

2.50 

2.5 0 

1884 

1 

12. 50 

12.5g 

1884 

1 

3.78 

3.7 5 

1884 

1 

0.45 

0.4 0 

1870 

1 

10. 90 

10. 9 5 

1869 

1 

20.25 

20. 2 0 

1869 

1 

7.H0 

7.0q 

1885 

1 

2.00 

2.0 e 

1884 

1 

15.36 

15.35 

1884 

1 

10. 75 

10.7 6 

1873 

1 

1.76 

1.75 

1884 

1 

43. 50 

43. 5 0 

1870 

1 

7.00 

7.O5 

1884 

1 

12.25 

12. 2 0 

1885 

1 

23.90 

23. 9g 

1873 

1 

11.78 

11.7$ 

1884 

1 

5.79 

5.7? 

1884 

1 

5.37 

5.3g 

1884 

1 

23. 56 

23. 5q 

1884 

1 

4. 70 

4. 7q 

1884 

1 

21.60 

21. 6 7 

1884 

1 

19.77 

19.7-J 

1884 

1 

22.91 

22.9,7 

1884 

1 

12.50 

12.5^ 

1884 

1 

12. 64 

12. 6? 

1885 

1 

6.81 

6. 84 

1885 

1 

16.64 

16. 6 0 

1885 

1 

9.00 

9 -°o 

1881 

1 

7.80 

7.82 

1881 

1 

3.72 

3. 75 

1881 

1 

9.45 

9.4 

1875 

1 

1.00 

I.Oq 

$1870 

1 

1,293.00 

1,293. 0q 

>1891 

1 

1,293.00 

1, 293. 0k 

1881 

1 

16.45 

16.44 

1884 

1 

11.14 

H.Iq 

1891 

1 

4,151.00 

4,151.0 

1877 

5 

4.00 

20.00 

1865 

1 



1872 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1877 

1 



1877 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1863 

1 



1863 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



S1865 

1 



^1865 

l 



"1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 




























































































































44 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


FRANCE—Continued. 

Hyeres to Porquerolles Island (Hyeres Island)_ 

Benat Cape to Porteros Island (Hyeres Island)_ 

Benat Cape to Levant Island (Hyeres Island)_ 

Cannes to Ste. Marguerite Island_ 

Ajaccio (Corsica) to Sanguinaires Islaud_ 

Port Flanders to Pelee Island_ 

Pelee Island to Musoir Est_ 

Munsoir Est to Fort Centre_ 

Fort Centre to Munsoir Ouest_ 

Antibes to St. Florent (Corsica)_ 

Toulon to Ajaccio_ 

Marseilles to Algier (Algeria)_ 

Bona (Algeria) to Biserte (Tunis)_ 

Calle (Algeria) to Biserte (Tunis)_ 

Sousse (Tunis) to Sfax (Tunis)_ 

Sfax to Djerba (Tunis)_ 

Djerba to Gabes (Tunis)_ 

Djerba to Zarzio (Tunis)_ 

Leghorn (Italy) to Macinaggio (Corsica)_ 

Bonifacio (Corsica) to Sta. Teresa (Sardinia)_ 

Teneriffe to St. Louis (Senegal)_ 

Calais to Dover (England)_ 

Boulogne to Dover (England)_ 

Dieppe to Beachy Head_ 

Havre to Beachy Head_ 

Piron (near Coutauces) to Fliequet Bay (Jersey Island) . 
Sangatte (near Calais) to St. Maigant (ner Folkestone)-. 

DENMARK. 

Korsbr (Seeland Island) to Nyborg (Fionie Island)_ 

Strib (Fionie Island) to Frederica (Jutland)_ 

Middelfart (Fionie Island) to Snoghbi (Jutland)_ 

Refsnaes (Seeland Island) to Ballen (Samso Island)_ 

Isseboved (Samso Island) to Helgenaes (Jutland)_ 

Isseboved (Samso Island) to Helgenaes (Jutland)_ 

Kallehave (Seeland Island) to Koster (Moen Island)_ 

Grbnsund (Moen Island) to Stubbekjobing Island_ 

Stubbekjdbing (Falster Island) to Bogo Island_ 

Nykjbbing (Falster Island) to Sundby (Lolland Island)-. 

Kragenaes (Lolland Island) to Feib Island_ 

Feio Island to Faemo Island_ 

Langb to Albueu (Lolland Island)_ 

Masnedsund (Seeland Island) to Masnedij Island_ 

Masnedd Island to Orelioved (Lolland Island)_ 

Svendborg (Fionie Island) to Viudeby (Taasinge Island) 

Yemmenaes (Taasinge Island) to Sid Island_ 

Sid Island to Rudkjbbing (Langland Island)_ 

Ristinge (Langland Island) to Marstal (H 3 ro Island)_ 

Strandby (Jutland) to Nordby (Fand Island)_ 

Saeby (Jutland) to Vesterid (Laesd Island)_ 

Norstrand (Seeland Island) to Hesseld Island_ 

Hesseld Island to Anliolt Island_ 


Aalborg (Jutland) to Norre-Sundby_ 

Logstdr (Jutland) across Aggersund_ 

Nykjbbing (Jutland) across Sallingsund_ 

Thisted (Jutland) across Vildsund_ 

Hadsund (Jutland) across the Bay of Manager 


Year of laying. 

1 

Number of con¬ 
ductors. 

Length in nautical 

MILES— 

Of the 
cable. 

Of the 
developed 
core. 

1865 

1 



I 1878 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1865 

1 



1859 

1 



1859 

1 



1859 

1 



1859 

i 5 

Total 

length. 



132.00 

132. 00 

1878 

i 

129.00 

129.00 

1891 

i 

169. 89 

169.80 

1(1871 

i 

500.00 

500.00 

<1879 

i 

495. 50 

495.50 

(1880 

i 

487. 78 

487.78 

1882 

i 

128.00 

128. 00 

1881 

i. 

90.00 

90.00 

1882 

i 

169.94 

169.94 

1882 

i 

55.59 

55. 59 

1882 

i 

31. 28 

31.28 

1882 

i 

19.47 

19.47 

1866 

i 

60.00 

60.00 

1866 

i 

8. 00 

8.00 

1885 

i 

864. 60 

864.60 

1851 

4 

221. 28 

885.12 

1859 

6 

20.09 

120.57 

1861 

6 

62. 00 

372. 00 

1870 

6 

69.73 

418.38 

1860 

1 

10. 75 

16.75 

1891 

4 

20.35 

81.40 

(1869 

7 

10.34 

72.38 

<1871 

7 

10.24 

71.68 

(1880 

7 

10.34 

72.38 

S1875 

7 

1.20 

8.40 

H888 

7 

1.20 

8. 40 

1875 

7 

0.59 

4.13 

$1864 

1 

9.27 

9.27 

(1876 

3 

9.27 

27. 81 

^1864 

1 

6.43 

19.29 

S1870 

7 

0.64 

4.48 

>1889 

3 

0.64 

1.92 

1877 

3 

0. 98 

2.94 

1872 

1 

1.10 

1.10 

1875 

7 

0. 20 

1.40 

1875 

1 

1.35 

1.35 

1888 

1 

2.12 

2.12 

1888 

3 

0. 72 

2.16 

$1884 

7 

0.16 

1.12 

>1884 

7 

0.16 

1.12 

1884 

7 

2.22 

15.54 

$1882 

6 

0.40 

2.40 

>1891 

3 

0. 40 

1.20 

S1870 

1 

0. 91 

0. 91 

>1889 

3 

0.91 

2.73 

$1876 

1 

0.71 

0.71 

>1889 

3 

0.71 

2.13 

$1876 

1 

3. 59 

3.59 

>1899 

1 

3.59 

3.59 

(1868 

1 

1.31 

1.31 

<1873 

1 

1.31 

1.31 

(1890 

3 

1.31 

3.93 

1875 

1 

12. 28 

12. 28 

1887 

1 

15.16 

15.16 

1887 

1 

33.47 

33.47 

(1864 

1 

0. 41 

0.41 

J1866 

3 

0.41 

1.23 

11879 

7 

0.41 

2.87 

11890 

7 

0.41 

2.87 

1885 

1 

0. 52 

0. 52 

1877 

3 

0. 68 

2.04 

1877 

3 

0. 34 

1.02 

1876 

1 

0.20 

0.26 































































































45 


The Submarine Cables of the World—C ontinued. 


Countries. 


DENMA RK—Continued. 


b() 

a 

r-i 

ci 



i 

! a 
! 9 




Length in nautical 
miles—- 


Of the 
cable. 


Of the 
developed 
core. 


Karby (Jutland) across Neessund-- 

Glyngbre (Jutland) across Fuursund_ 

Stignaes (Seeland Island) to Agerso Island- 

Agesro Island to Omo_ 

Yester-Yedsted (Jutland) to Mano Island- 

Samsb Island t<> Thuno Island_ 

Saltback (Seeland Island) to Seiero Island- 

Dreiet (Fionie Island) to Lyo Island- 

Oddesund Nord (Jutland) to Oddesund Syd- 

Troense (Trasinge Island) to Thuro Island- 

Yedback (Seeland) to Ilillesborg (Sweden)_ 

Bojden (near Faaborg, Fionie Island) to Fyenshav (Als. Island, Germany) 


1884 

1887 

1889 

1889 

1889 

1889 

1890 

1890 

1891 
1891 
J863 
>1883 
1860 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 
1 

4 
4 
3 


0. 70 
0.50 
1.54 
1.20 
4. 06 
2.57 
8.00 
1.81 
0.44 
0.29 
9.14 
9.14 
8.12 


0.70 
0.50 
1.54 
1.20 
4.06 
2.57 
8.00 
1.81 
1.32 
0.29 
36.56 
36.56 
24. 36 


NORWAY. 


Two hundred and fifty-five small cables laid in 166 different places 

HOLLAND. 


Dordrecht to Yselmond Island_ 

Dordrec.it to Yselmond Island_ 

Alblasserdam to Yselmond Island_ 

Beijerland Island to Yselmond Island_ 

Putten Island to Overflakkee Island_ 

Willemstad to Overflakkee Island_ 

Bergen-on-Zoom to Tolen Island_ 

Schouwen Island to Tolen Island- 

Breskens to Walclieren Island_ 

Terneuzen to Zuidbeveland Island_ 

Nordbeveland Island to Zuidbeveland Island- 

Nieuwediep to Tessel Island- 

Tessel Island to Vlieland Island_ 

Harlingen to Vlieland Island_ 

Terschelling Island to Vlieland Island_ 

Terschelling Island to Ameland Island_ 

Ostmahorn to Schiermonnikoog Island_ 

Ewyckslius to Wieringen_ 

RUSSIA. 

Oranienbaum (near St. Petersburg) to Kronstadt- 

Werder (Moon Island) to Oesel (Baltic)- 

Arensbourg to Dago Island (Baltic)_ 

Nystad (Russia) to Aland Island_ 

Ivertsch (Crimea) to Taman (Caucassus)- 

Bakou to Krasnowodsk (Caspian Sea)_ 

Alexandrovski Post to Saghalin Island (Asia)- 

SWEDEN. 

Refsudden (near Kalmar) to Stora Ror (Oland Island)- 

Bblinge (Oland Island) to Kronvall (Gotland Island)- 

Herrliamra to Sandsort Island (south of Stockholm)- 

Gbteborg to Vinga Island- 

Gbteborg to Marstrand_ 

Vaxholm to Sandhamm Island_ 

Frano to Kinmargen (near Hernbsand)- 

TURKEY. 

In the Bosphorus between Anatoly and Roumely Hissar- 

In the Dardanelles between Nagara and Bigali- 

Scutari (Asia) to Princess Island (Sea of Marmora)- 

Prinkipo (Princess Island) to Halki Island (Sea of Marmora) 

Aivili (Asia) to Metelin Island_ 

Scalanuova (Asia) to Samos Island- 

Marmaritza (Asia) to Rhodes--- 

Lattaquie (Syria) to Cape Elea-Palura (Cypress)- 

Djedda (Arabia) to Suakim (Egypt)- 

Cheikh-Said (Arabia) to Penin Island- 


(1857) 

}1891$ 


284.14 

248.14 


1875 

7 

0.30 

2.10 

1875 

7 

0.30 

2.10 

(1866 

3 

0.12 

0.36 

>1884 

3 

0.12 

0. 36 

1854 

1 

0.43 

0. 43 

1875 

1 

2.16 

2.16 

1880 

1 

1.23 

1.23 

(1864 

3 

0.11 

0.33 

>1871 

3 

0.11 

0.33 

1878 

4 

1.07 

4. 28 

1890 

1 

2.94 

2.94 

1891 

1 

2.75 

2.75 

1874 

3 

0.59 

1.77 

1872 

1 

4.37 

4.37 

1884 

1 

6.26 

6. 26 

1866 

1 

16.20 

16.20 

1879 

3 

6.22 

18.66 

1884 

1 

7.88 

7.88 

1884 

1 

6. 57 

6.57 

1886 

1 

0.84 

0.84 

(1853 

3 

4.02 

12.06 

) 1888 

5 

3.88 

19.40 

1875 

1 

5.64 

5.64 

1878 

1 

4.14 

4.14 

1876 

1 

53.00 

53.00 

1866 

1 

7.00 

7.00 

1879 

1 

135. 00 

135.00 

1881 

1 

70.02 

70.02 

(1867 

1 

2.30 

2.30 

>1877 

1 

2.30 

2.30 

1871 

1 

38.20 

38.20 

1876 

1 

3.00 

3.00 

1881 

1 

6.00 

6.00 

1871 

1 

2.20 

2.20 

1869 

1 

4. 60 

4. 60 

0874 

3 

1.30 

3.90 

<1877 

1 

1.30 

1.30 

(1891 

1 

1.30 

1.30 

1871 

3 

1.50 

4.50 

1873 

1 

4.50 

4.50 

1871 

1 

2.00 

2.00 

1889 

1 

1.00 

1.00 

1871 

1 

13.00 

13.00 

1871 

1 

12.00 

12.00 

1871 

1 

23.00 

23.00 

1871 

1 

87.00 

87.00 

1882 

1 

187.66 

187.66 

1890 

1 

7.33 

7.33 



























































































46 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


SENEGAL (Africa.) 
Dakar to Goree Island_ 


JAPAN. 


Maida (Hondo) to Amayakubo (Kyushu) 


Shibukawa (Hondo) to Nomura (Shikoku)_ 

Yamasaki (Hondo) to Hakodate (Yeso)_ 

Sai (Hondo) to Hakodate (Yeso)_ 

Tarumi (Hondo) to Iwaga (Avadji)_ 

Across the Itchikawa (Hondo)_ 

Across the Tonegawa_ 

Across the Mogamigawa_ 

Across the Omonogawa __ 

Across the Kisogavva_ 

Across the Chikugogawa (Kyushu)_ 

Across the Wakamatsugawa_ 

Across the Gulf of Akashi (Yeso)_ 

Across the Gulf of Tobutowan (Yeso)_ 

Muroran (Yeso) to Sawara (Yeso)_ 

Teradomari (Hondo) to Sado Island_ 

Hinomura (Kyushu) to Hirado Island_ 

Kotomo (Kyushu) to Iki Island_ 

Iki Island to Tsushima_ 

COCHIN CHINA AND TONKIN. 


tuo 

a 

"P> 

o 



(1880 
1882 
< 1882 

1890 
(1891 
51880 
^ 1890 

1882 

51890 

<1890 

1891 
51879 
<1884 
S1884 
<1884 
<1885 
<1885 
51888 
<1891 
S1889 
<1889 
S1889 
<1890 

1890 

1888 

1890 

1891 
1891 
1891 
1883 
1883 


Cape St. James to Thuan-An (Hue)_ 

Thuan-An to Doson (Entrance to Haiponz River) 


1884 

1884 


NETHERLANDS INDIES. 


Anjer (Java) to Kalianda (Sumatra)_ 

Landangan (near Situbondo, Java) to Buleleng (Bali)_ 

Buleleng (Bali) to Macassar (Celebes)_I_~~ 

Semambung (near Grissee, Java) to Tadjungen (near Bangkalen,'Madura) 


1884 

1888 

1881 

1889 


. BRAZIL. 


Across the Pelotas River_ 

Porto Alegre (across the River Guahy)_"III_ 

Across the Itajahy River_ 

Across Santos Bay_ 

Across the Bay of Rio de Janeiro,from Ponta do Engenho to Pontado Galeao. 
Across the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, from Ponta do Ribeira to Engenho Island. 


Across the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, from Engenho Island to Porto Yelho. 

Across the mouth of the Sao Joao River_ 

Penedo (across the Sao Francisco River)_ 

Across the Bay of Rio Grande do Sul_ 

Across the Bay of Estreito to Desterro_ 

Mangaratiba to Lazaretto Island_ 

Across the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, from Sacco do Pinhao to ManaII_I__ 

Villegaguan (from the arsenal to the fort)_ 

Gravata (from the arsenal to the fort)_ 

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 


Buenos Ayres to Martin Chico 


1888 



1 


2 

2 

2 

1 

7 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


1 

1 


1 

1 

1 

1 


{ 

{ 


2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 


3 


Length in nautical 
miles— 


Of the 
cable. 

Of the 
developed 
core. 

3.00 

3.00 

0. 80 

1.60 

0. 67 

1. 34 

0. 75 

1.50 

0. 64 

0.64 

0. 92 

6.44 

6.240 

12.480 

6.688 

13.376 

36.500 

73. 000 

26.236 

26.236 

22. 069 

22.069 

3.440 

3.440 

0.104 

0.104 

0.104 

0.104 

0.247 

0. 247 

0. 247 

0. 247 

0.306 

0. 918 

0.306 

0.918 

0.192 

0. 384 

0. 250 

0.250 

0.500 

1.500 

0.500 

1.500 

0. 344 

0. 688 

0. 340 

0. 680 

0.434 

0,434 

0.739 

2. 217 

0. 253 

0.253 

16. 893 

16.893 

29.856 

29. 856 

0. 766 

0.766 

17. 900 

17. 900 

39.500 

39.500 

530.000 

530. 000 

265.000 

265.000 

31.61 

31.61 

75. 66 

75. 56 

373.40 

373.40 

2.34 

2.34 

0.216 

0.432 

0. 626 

1.878 

0.340 

0. 680 

0. 238 

0. 476 

0.512 

1.024 

0. 675 

1.350 

1.085 

2.170 

1.085 

1.085 

3.240 

6.480 

3.240 

3.240 

0.540 

1.080 

0.540 

1.540 

0. 156 

0.312 

0. 648 

1.296 

0. 675 

1.350 

0. 648 

1.296 

0.540 

0.540 

0.540 

0.540 

12.419 

12.419 

4.128 

4.128 

0. 648 

0. 648 

1.841 

3.682 

35.090 

105.270 







































































47 

The Submarine Cables of the World —Continued. 


Countries. 


BRITISH GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIONS. 

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 

A.—Irish Sea and St. George’s Channel. 

Port Mora (Scotland) to Whitehead (Ireland)_ 

Near Portpatrick (Scotland) to Donaghadee (Ireland)_ 

Knock Bay (Scotland) to Whitehead (Ireland)_ 

St. Bees, near Whitehaven, to Port Cornah (Isle of Man)_ 

Carnarvon Bay, to Howth, near Dublin_ 

Abermawr, near Haverfordwest, to Blackwater, near Wexford (Ireland)_ 

Fishguard Bay (S. Wales) to Blackwater, near Wexford (Ireland)_ 

Abergereirch, near Port Nevin (N. Wales), to Newcastle, County Wicklow 
(Ireland). 

B.—Channel and Channel Islands. 

Compass Cove, near Dartmouth, to Fort Doyle (Guernsey)_ 

Alderney to Fort Doyle (Guernsey)_ 

St. Martin’s Point (Guernsey) to Greve an Lancon (Jersey)_ 

Hurst Castle to Sconce Point (Isle of Wight)_ 

Hurst Castle to Yarmouth (Isle of Wight)_ 

Porthcurno to St. Mary’s (Scilly Isles)_ 

St Mary’s (Scilly) to Isle of Trescow (Scilly)_ 

C.—Orkney and Shetland Isles. 

Sinclair Bay, Wick, to Sandwick Bay (Shetland)_ 

Dunnet, near Thurso, to Rackwick Bay, Hoy Island (Orkney)_ 

Hoy (Orkney) to Houton Head (Mainland)_ 

Hoy (Orkney) to Houton Head (Mainland)_ 

Workhead, Mainland, to Isle of Shapinshay (Orkney)_ 

Rerwick Head, Mainland, to Stronsa (Orkney)_ 

Stronsa to Sanda (Orkney)_ 

Scatha Bay (Orkney) to Sandwick Bay (Shetland)_ 

Mainland (Shetland) to Yell (Shetland Isles)_2__ 

Yell to Unst (Shetland) _ 

Burra (Orkney) to South Ronaldsha (Orkney)_ 

Burra (Orkney) to Ilowequay Head (Orkney)_ 

D.—Hebrides and Western Coasts of Scotland and Ireland. 

Loch Ewe (Scotland) to Branahuie Bay, near Stornoway (Island of Lewis, 
Hebrides.) 

Harris (Lewis) to North Uist (Hebrides)_ 

South Uist to Castle Bay, Barra (Hebrides)_ 

Port na Crosse, Fairlie, to Corrie, Arran_ 

Ross-shire to Isle of Skye_ 

Ganovan Bay, near Oban, to the Isle of Mull_ 

Glenacardock Point, Cantyre, to the Isle of Islay_ 

Port Crainaig, Cantyre, to Arran_ 

Largs to Great Cumbrae_ 

Ardine Point to Ardbeg Point, Bute_ 

Mull to Coll_“II 

Tiree to Coll_ 

Rugha Ben (Scotland) to Isle of Bute_ 

Renard Point (Ireland) to Valentia_ 

E.—Eastern Coast of Scotland. 

Burghead to Helmsdale_ 


F.—Bays and Estuaries. 

Across the River Dart to Chain Ferry_ 

Across the Port of Milford_ 


Date of laying and to¬ 
tal number of cables. 

1 

Number of conduct¬ 

ors. 

Length in nautical 

MILES — 

Of cables. 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 

1888 

4 

25.356 

101.424 

1870 

4 

22.971 

91.884 

1879 

4 

22. 884 

91.536 

1885 

3 

31.119 

93.357 

1871 

7 

64.444 

451.108 

1880 

4 

55. 630 

222.520 

1883 

4 

61. 845 

247.380 

1886 

4 

54. 860 

219.440 

1884 

3 

67.236 

201.708 

1870 

1 

18.563 

18.563 

1884 

3 

16. 260 

48. 780 

1886 

7 

1.230 

8. 610 

1885 

3 

2.5=>9 

7.677 

1886 

1 

27. 534 

27.534 

1886 

1 

1.104 

1.104 

1885 

1 

122.120 

122.120 

1876 

1 

20.595 

20.595 

1873 

1 

2.360 

2.360 

1876 

1 

2.360 

2.360 

1889 

1 

2. 287 

2.287 

1885 

1 

9.848 

9.848 

1884 

1 

3.000 

3.000 

1881 

1 

65.850 

65.850 

1890 

3 

2. 682 

8.046 

1890 

1 

1.157 

1.157 

1887 

1 

.644 

.644 

1884 

1 

2.710 

2.710 

1872 

1 

33. 692 

33. 692 

1886 

1 

11.468 

11.468 

1884 

1 

10.510 

16.510 

1885 

4 

9.562 

38. 248 

1890 

3 

0.759 

2.277 

1871 

1 

6. 400 

6.400 

1871 

1 

16.807 

16.807 

1885 

3 

3. 264 

9. 792 

1887 

1 

1.403 

1.403 

1881 

4 

1.358 

5.432 

1888 

1 

9.394 

9.394 

1888 

1 

2.175 

2.175 

1872 

1 

0.443 

0.443 

1870 

4 

0.444 

1.776 

1885 

3 

26.147 

78.441 

(1884 

3 

0. 295 

0.885 

(1888 

4 

0. 281 

1.124 

1871 

4 

0.591 

2.364 



f 7 

0.160 

1.120 



7 

0.160 

1.120 



4 

0.160 

0. 640 


- 

4 

0.160 

0.' 40 



4 

0. 160 

0. 640 



4 

0.160 

0. 640 



4 

0.160 

0. 640 



u 

0.160 

0.640 


Across the Tees at Middlesbrough 


































































48 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


Across the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal at Sharpness 

Across the Canal from Swansea Docks to Swansea_ 

Across the River Yar, Isle of Wight_ 

Across the River Medina, Isle of Wight_ 

Across the River Dee at Queensferry, near Chester_ 

Across Firth of Forth to Alloa_ 

Across Loch Etive at Connel Ferry_ 

Across Loch Eil at Corran Ferry_ 

Across Loch Creran at Shian Ferry_ 


Across Loch Leven at Ballachulich Ferry 


Across Port of Waterford (Waterford Harbor, Ireland) 


Across River Suir at Waterford Bridge (Ireland) 

Across River Slaney)at Wexford (Ireland)_ 

New Holland to Dairycoates, Near Hull_ 

Devonport to Torpoint_ 

Granton (Firth of Forth) to Burntisland_ 

Granton (Firth of Forth) to Aberdour_ 

Cove to Blairmore, Loch Long_ 

Keyhaven to Ilui’st Castle_ 

Strachur, Loch Fyne, to Kenmure_ 

Row to Claehan Gairlocli_ 

Whitepoint to Ilaulbowline (Treland)_ 

Haulbowline to Spike Island (Ireland)_ 

Cross Haven to West Seamount (Ireland)_ 

Foyle Road to Waterside, Londonderry_ 

Total__ 


O w 

<V 

§5 

bC O 

u 

* 

JC -2 

Z s 

O S 


ce ci 


1886 
S I8JS2 
(1884 
1885 
1882 
1882 
1888 


1882 

1882 

(1871 

(1871 

(1871 


51880 

(1883 

1879 


1871 

1882 

,1885 

'1885 

'1887 

1881 



Length in nautic/l 

MILES— 


Of cables. 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 

0.049 

1.196 

0.049 

0.196 

0. 049 

0.196 

0.049 

0.196 

0.074 

0. 296 

0. 074 

0 518 

0.078 

0.312 

0.103 

0.412 

0.103 

0.412 

0.103 

0.412 

0. 275 

0. 275 

0. 276 

1.276 

0.280 

1.120 

1.120 

1.120 

0.611 

0.611 

0. 631 

0. 631 

0. 658 

2 632 

0.196 

0.196 

0.196 

0.196 

0.177 

0.177 

0.196 

0.196 

1.353 

5.412 

1.420 

5.680 

1.510 

6. 040 

0.147 

0.588 

0.147 

0.588 

0.147 

0.588 

0.147 

0.588 

0.147 

0.588 

0.340 

2.380 

0. 343 

1.372 

1.396 

9. 772 

0. 377 

0.377 

0. 359 

0.359 

5.071 

20. 284 

4. 510 

31.570 

1.550 

10.850 

1.558 

10.906 

1.280 

15. 360 

1.054 

7.378 


1878 

>82 

1887 


102 


7 

4 

3 

1 

T 

1 

7 


331 


0. 422 
0. 399 
0. 434 
0. 259 
0. 259 
0. 384 
0.185 
0. 246 
0. 246 


882,518 


2.954 
1.596 
1.302 
0. 259 
0. 259 
0. 384 
0.185 
1.722 
9. 984 


,470,214 


INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. 


Anglo-French Cables. 


Calais to Dover_ 

Boulogne to Dover_ 

Dieppe to Beach y Head_ 

Havre to Beachy Head_ 

Pirou, near Cou'tance, to Fliequet Bay (Jersey) 


1851 

1891 

1859 
1861 
1870 

1860 


4 

4 

6 

6 

6 

1 


22.128 
20.250 
20.095 
62.000 
69. 730 
16.750 


88.512 
81.000 
120.570 
372.000 
418.380 
16.750 


Anglo-Belgian Cables. 

Middelkerke, near Ostend, to Ramsgate_ 

Panne, near Furnes, to Dover_ 


1853 6 

1867 4 


61.717 370.302 

47.110 188.440 


Anglo-Dutch Cables ( Belonging to English Government). 

Lowestoft to Zandvoort (Holland)_ 

Benacre, near Kessingland, to Zandvoort (Holland)' 


111.139 

108.295 


444. 556 
433.180 












































































49 

The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


O 02 
c 

'S 3 
a o 


Countries. 



a 

o 

o 


S-1 


£ 


Anglo-German Cables ( Belonging to English Government). 


Length in nautical 
miles. 


00 

tx 

O 


Of cables. 


Of con¬ 
ductors. 


Bacton to Borkum_ 

Norderney to Lowestoft___ 

Greetsiel, near Emden, to Lowestoft, comprising the sections: 


1881 4 

1806 4 


210.895 843.580 

232.250 929.000 


(Belonging to German Government.) 


Greetsiel to Borkum_ 

Borkum to Lowestoft- 

Greetsiel, near Emden, to Valentia (Ireland)- 

Total_ 

Deduct half of cables owned by Great Britian in common with France, 
Belgium, and Germany. 

Actual international cables belonging to Great Britain- 

Add totals of international system as above- 

Total cables belonging to Great Britain- 


|l871 

4 

1882 

1 

14 

58 

5 

21 

9 

37 

102 

331 

111 

368 


982.359 4, 

205.337 1, 


717.022 
882.518 


599.540 


3, 

2, 


5, 


306. 270 
249.767 

056.503 
470.214 

526.717 


BRITISH INDIA. 

A.—Indo-European Telegraph Department. 
CABLE CONSERVANCY. 

f Karachi to Manora (5 cables*)- 

p p j Manora to Jashk- 

[ Busliire to Fao- 

I. R. Jashk to Busliire_ 

Total (9 cables)_ 


Land Lines. 


Karachi to Gwadur 
Gwadur to Jashk __ 

Total— 


B.—Indian Administration. 
Headquarters, Calcutta and Simla. 
INTERNAL SYSTEM. 

Eighty-four cables- 

Add Indo-European Telegraph Department- 

Total_ 


84 cables 
9 cables 


93 cables 


Nautical miles : Nautical miles 


of cable. 

of line. 

27.84 

27. 84 

531.11 

531.11 

519.16 

519.16 

152.13 

152.13 

500. 30 

500.30 

1,730.54 

1,730.54 

Miles of line. 

Miles of wire. 

384.10 

763.00 

321. 35 

642.70 

705.45 

1,405. 70 

Nautical miles 

Nautical miles 

of cable. 

of conductors. 

251.47 

251.47 

1,730.54 

1, 730. 54 

1, 982.01 

1,982.01 


* This includes a cable 4.157 knots connecting the port trust office at Karachi with the port office at 
Manora by telephone. 


238-4 



















































































50 

The Submarine Cables of the World—C ontinued. 


c3 

try 


Countries. 


■> © 

: ^ 


Canadian government telegraphs. 

Head Office, Ottawa, Canada. 


Gaspe to S. W r . Point, Anticosti Island_ 

Meat Cove (Cape Breton) to Old Harry (Magdalen Islands)" 
Meat Cove (Cape Breton) to St. Paul’s Island 
Anticosti Island to Long Point (North Shore Gulf) ___ 
Orleans Island to Isle aux Reaux 


O 

© 

r 

ci 


Isle aux Reaux to Grosse Isle (Quarantine Station)_ 

Grindstone to All Right Island (Magdalen Islands) _ _ 

Big Bras d’Or Lake, Cape Breton (Nova Scotia)_!_"I 

St. Anne’s Harbor, Cape Breton (Nova Scotia)_ 

Ingonish Harbor, Cape Breton (Nova Scotia)_!_!!!___!_!_!!’ 

Cape Sable Island to Barrington (Nova Scotia)_!!_ 

Grand Man an to Campo Bello Island (New Brunswick),! 

Grand Manan to White Head Island_ 

Campo Bello to Eastport (State of Maine, U. s!) ___!_ !!!!~! ” 

Saquenav River (North Shore St. Lawrence River),!,! !!~ !_ 

Bersmiits to Manicougan (North Shore St. Lawrence River),!! 

Point Paradis to Godbout (North Shore St. Lawrence River)_ 

Orleans Island to L’Ange Gardien (North Shore St. Lawrence River)_ 

(Quarantine Station) to Orleans Island via Isle aux Reaux' 
1889, 4 (North Shore St. Lawrence River). 

Mainland to Amherst Island (Lake Ontario) 

Mainland to Howe and Wolf Islands_" ~ - - 

Mainland to Pelee Island (Lake Erie) __ _ "" !_ "!""!!!' 


Total,... 


QUEENSLAND. 


Cleveland to Peel Island_ 

Peel Island to Dunwich_ 

Dunwich to South Passage_!!’ 

Pialba to Woody Island_ 

Woody Island to Whitecliffs_~ 

Rockhampton to Keppel Bay_ 

Lytton to Lighthouse_ 

Mackay to Flat-top Island_ 

Paterson to Thursday Island_! 

Cape Pallarenda to Magnetic Island! 

Townsville to Magazine Island_ 

Magazine Island to Cape Cleveland 
Gatcombe Head to Facing Island 


1880 

1880 

1890 

1890 

1890 

1890 

1880 

1880 

1880 

1880 

1880 

1880 

1890 

1880 

1883 

1883 

1883 

1883 

1885 

1886 
1888 
1889 


22 


Total- 


1886 

1886 


1886 


SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 


Normanville to Ivingscote (Kangaroo Island) 
Edithburg to Lighthouse (Trowbridge Island) 
Cape Spencer to Althorpe Lighthouse_ 

Largs Bay_ 


13 


Total, 


NEW' ZEALAND. 

Wellington to Whites Bay (Cook Straits)_ 

W r anganui to Blind Bay_ 


Total. 


TASMANIA. 


Cape Portland to Swan Island, 


VICTORIA. 


Point Nepean to Swan Island. 


(1866 

>1877 

1880 


3 


1885 


1889 


o 

•5 


o 

o 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


22 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

1 

1 


19 


3 

1 

1 


Length in nautical 
miles. 


Of cables. 


44. 27 
54. 90 
19.25 
19.00 
2.00 
2.00 
0.14 
0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
1.75 
7.23 
1.50 
1.90 

l.oo 
12. 00 
26. 00 
0. 75 
4. 00 

2.00 
3.00 
10. 00 


214.19 


5.00 
2.15 
12.20 
7.65 
13.45 
77.35 
5.00 
5.00 
18.00 
2.75 
0.45 
11.10 
2. 25 


162.35 


38.50 
5.00 


3.20 

3.20 


49. 90 


44.315 
44.000 
108.000 


196.315 


4.50 


4.50 


Of con¬ 
ductors. 


44.27 
54. 90 
19.25 
19.00 
2. 00 
2.00 
0.14 
0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
1.75 
7.23 
1.50 
1.90 
1.00 
12.00 
26.00 
0.75 
4.00 

2.00 
3.00 
10.00 


14.19 


5.00 

2.15 

12.20 

7. 65 
13.45 
77.35 
5.00 
5.00 
18.00' 
2. 75 

3.15 

11.10 

2.25 


165.05 


38.50 
5.00 


3.20 
3.20 


49.90 


132.945 
44.000 
108. 000 


284.945 


4.50 


4.50 
















































































































































51 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


cables owned by private companies. 

I.—Direct Spanish Telegraph Company. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London. 

Kennacli Cove (Cornwall) to Las Arenas, near Bilbao_ 

Barcelona to Marseilles_ 

Two short River cables_ 

Total_ 

II.— Halifax and Bermudas Cable Company. 
Head office, S3 Old Broad street, London, E. C. 
Halifax (N. S.) to Hamilton, Bermuda_ 


III.— Spanish National Submarine Telegraph Company. 

Head office, 106 Cannon street, London, E. C. 

Cadiz (Spain) to Santa Cruz de Tenerife- 

Tejita (Tenerife) to Saint Louis du Senegal- 

Santa Cruz de Tenerife to Las Palmas, Gran Canaria- 

Las Palmas to Arrecife de Lauzarote_ 

Garacliico de Tenerife to Santa Cruz de la Palma- 

fSanta Cruz de Tenerife to Tejita (Tenerife)- 

fSaint Louis (Senegal) to Dakar (Senegal)- 

Total_ 


IV.— West African Telegraph Company. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 

f 

Dakar (Senegal) to Bathurst (British possession)- 

Bathurst to Bolama (Portuguese possession)- 

Bolama to Bissao_ 

Bolama to Conakry (French possession)- 

Conakry to Sierra Leone (English possession)--- 

Grand Bassam (French possession) to Accra (English possession)— 

Accra to Kotonou (Porto Novo) (French possession)- 

Kotonou to San Thome (Portuguese possession)- 

San Thome to the Gaboon (Freetown) (French possession)- 

San Thome to Island of Principe (Portuguese possession)- 

San Thome to Loanda_ 

Principe to Bonny--- 

Total_ 


V.—Black Sea Telegraph Company'. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 
Odessa (Russia) to Kilia, near Constantinople- 


* oo S Date of laying and to- 

tal number of cables. 

Number of conduct¬ 

ors. 

Length in nautical 
miles— 

Of cables. 

Of con 
ductors. 

1 

1 

1 

486.55 
220.38 
0.80 

486. 55 
220.38 
0.80 

4 

3 

707.73 

707.73 

1890 

1 

849. 96 

849.96 

1884 

1 

864. 27 

864.27 

1884 

1 

864. 58 

864.58 

1883 

1 

67.24 

67.24 

1884 

1 

171.95 

171.95 

1883 

1 

69.05 

69.05 

1884 

1 

32.149 

32.149 

1885 

1 

90.00 

90.00 

7 

7 

2,159. 239 

2,159.239 

1886 

1 

106. 60 

106. 60 

1886 

1 

363.77 

363. 77 

1885 

1 

42.00 

42.00 

1885 

1 

238.00 

238.00 

1886 

1 

70.70 

70. 70 

1886 

1 

241.30 

241.30 

1886 

1 

215.00 

215.00 

1886 

1 

486. 00 

486.00 

1886 

1 

176.50 

176. 50 

1886 

1 

126.25 

126.25 

1886 

1 

759.60 

759. 60 

1889 

1 

189. 70 

189.70 

12 

12 

3,015.42 

3,015.42 

1874 

1 

337 

337 


fThese two sections are leased by the Spanish National Company. 


\ 























































































52 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


VI.— Great Northern Telegraph Company. 

Head office, 26 Kongens Nytorv, Copenhagen. London Agency, 3 St. Heh 
place, Bishopsgale street Within, E. C. 

1st.—C ables in Europe. 

Peterhead (Scotland) to Ekersund (Norway)_ 

Newbiggin (England) to Marstrand (Sweden), comprising the sections— 

I. Newbiggin to Arendal (Norway)_ 

II. Arendal to Marstrand (Sweden)_ 

Newbiggin to Marstrand (Sweden) direct_I~ 

Newbiggin to Hirtshals (Denmark)_I_II 

Newbiggin to Sondervig (Denmark)_ 

Oye, near Calais (France) to Fanoe (Denmark)_ 

Oye (France) to Fanoe (Denmark)_ 

Hirtshals (Denmark) to Arendal (Norway)_ HIIII_ 

Skagen (Denmark) to Marstrand (Sweden)_~~~_~_~ 

Moen (Denmark) to Island of Bornholm (Denmark)_III_ 

Bornholm (Denmark) to Libau (Russia)_“ j 1^9 


Grissleliamn (Sweden) to Island of Aaland (Russia) 
Aaland (Russia) to Nystad (Russia)_ 


2nd.—C ables in Asia. 


Hongkong (China) to Amoy (China)_ 

Amoy (China) to Woosung, near Shanghai (China), comprising the sections— 

I. Amoy to Gutzlaff (China)_ 

II. Gutzlaff to Woosung_~_~~~ 

Gutzlaff to Nagasaki (Japan)_' 

Woosung, near Shanghai (China), to Nagasaki (Japan), comprising the 
sections— 

I. Woosung to Gutzlaff_ 

II. Gutzlaff to Nagasaki_ 


Nagasaki (Japan) to Wladiwostock (Russia in Asia). 

Island of Tsu-shima to Corea_ 

Kowloon (China) to Hongkong_ 


Total. 


VII. —Eastern Telegraph Company. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 

1 st.— Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese System. 
Porthcurno, Land’s End, to Carcavellos, near Lisbon (Portugal)_ 

Portkcurno to Vigo (Spain)_ 

Vigo to Caminha (Portugal)_ 

Vigo to Carcavellos, near Lisbon (Portugal)_HI___’ 

Carcavellos to Gibraltar (No. 1)_ 

Carcavellos to Gibraltar (No. 2)_ I _ “I 

Villa-Real de St. Antonio (Portugal) to Cadiz.”r_”Z_ZZZZZZZZZ II 

Cadiz to Gibraltar__ 

Cable (across Tagus)— 

Belem (Portugal) (No. 1)_ 

Belem (Portugal) (No. 2)_ 


2nd.—S ystem West of Malta. 


Gibraltar to Tangier_ 

Gibraltar to Malta (No. 1)__ 

Gibraltar to Malta (No. 2)_ 

Marseilles (France) to Bona lAlgeria) (No. 1)_ 

Marseilles (France) to Bona (Algeria) (No. 2)_ 

Bona to Malta (No. 1)_ 

Bona to Malta (No. 2)_ 

Malta to Tripoli (Africa)_ 

Valetta (Malta) to Pozzallo, near Modica (Sicily)" 
Malta to Zante_ 


2 03 

Cw ej 

fcj&v. 
B O 

-M 

$■> 

a 

r G 

a 

0 

0 

OD 

C O 

Length in nautic^ 
miles— 

a 

s 

0 p 

® c 

£ sJ 

ft 

U 

<v 

,0 

r* 

a 

p 

Of cables 

Of con- 
' ductors. 

$ 

1 

267.00 

267.00 


1 

424.00 

424. 00 


1 

98.00 

98.00 


1 

510.00 

510.00 


1 

420.00 

420. 00 


1 

337. 00 

337. 00 

- 1873 

1 

381.00 

381.00 


1 

369. 00 

369.00 

. 1867 

1 

70.00 

70. 00 

- 1873 

2 

34.00 

68.00 

. 1868 

2 

78.00 

156.00 

- 1869 

1 

226.00 

226. 00 

K1869 

1 

96.00 

96. 00 

(1883 

L 

104.00 

104. 00 

1877 

1 

28.00 

28.00 

1876 

1 

57.00 

57.00 

1871 

1 

311.00 

311.00 

1871 

1 

590.00 

590.00 

1871 

1 

57.00 

57.00 

1871 

1 

427. 00 

427.00 

1883 

3 

57.00 

171.00 

1883 

1 

416.00 

416. 00 

51871 

1 

766. 00 

766. 00 

<(1883 

1 

753. 00 

753. 00 

1883 

1 

53. 00 

53. 00 

51884 

2 

2.00 

2.00 

(1891 

1 

1.00 

1.00 

27 

32 

6, 932.00 

7,158.00 

0870 

1 

850. 00 

851.00 

(1887 

1 

892.00 

899.00 

1873 

1 

622.00 

617.00 

1876 

1 

38.00 

38. 00 

1873 

1 

259.00 

264.00 

1870 

1 

383.00 

383. 00 

1887 

1 

337.00 

337. 00 

1888 

1 

83.00 

83.00 

1888 

1 

83.00 

83.00 

1869 

4 

1.00 

4.00 

1869 

4 

1.00 

4.00 

1887 

1 

33. 00 

33.00 

1870 

1 

1,118.00 

1,118.00 

1887 

1 

1,126.00 

1,126. 00 

1870 

1 

447.00 

447.00 

1877 

1 

463.00 

463.00 

1870 

1 

381.00 

381.00 

1877 

1 

383. 00 

384. 00 

1882 

1 

204.00 

204.00 

1869 

1 

54. 00 

54.00 

1887 

1 

374.00 

374. 00 



























































































53 

The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


3rd.— Italo-Greek System. 

Otranto (Italy) to Zante (Greece)- 

Torre del Orso, near Otranto, to Bay of Sidari (Corfu) 


4th.—A ustro-Greek System. 
Trieste (Austria) to Corfu- 


5tli.—G reek System. 

Zante to lvatacolo (Morea)_ 

Kalamaki (Morea) to Piraeus_ 

Corinth (Morea) to Patras (Morea) (No. 1)- 

Corinth (Morea) to Patras (Morea) (No. 2)- 

Patras (Morea) to Zaute (No. 1)- 

Patras (Morea) to Zante (No. 2)- 

Zante to Corfu_ 

Syra to Pirteus- 

Patras Narrows___ 

Euboea to Petali_ 

Ithica to Ceplialonia_ 

Morea to Spezzia- 

Zante to Trepito- 

Sta. Maura to Ithaca- 

Cephalouia to Zante_ 

Tinos to Andros_ 

Syra to Tinos_ 

Andros to Euboea (Doro Channel)- 

Morea to Hydra- 

Morea to Poros- 

Euboea to Attica (Petali Gulf)- 

Euboea to Cerigo_ 

Euboea to Skiathos_ 

Euboea to C. Stavro- 

Laurium to Zea- 

Naxos to Neo- 

Thermia to Zea_ 

Tinos to Mikoni_ 

Mikoni to Rhenea_ 

Paros to Naxos_ 

Syra to Paros_ 

Nio to Santorin_ 

A in or go to Naxos_ 

Siphano to Paros_ 

Milo to Siphano- 

Serplio to Siphano_ 

Serplio to Thermia-- 

Poros to Methanao_ 

iEgina to Methana_ 

Daphne to Salamis- 

iEgina to Piraius- 

Bridge Eub<ea to C'alcis Boeotia (No. 2)- 

Skopelo to Skiathos- 

Trikerri to Yathi- 

Corfu to Sta. Maura- 

Corfu to Paxos- 

Salamis to St. George- 

Euboea to Skyros- 

Luxuri to Argostoli- 

Auaphi to Santorin- 

Nio to Sikino_ 

Sikino to Polykandros- 

Rio to Ante Rio (No. 2) (Narrows Patra)- 


6th.—T urko-Greek System. 

Zante to Canea (Candia)- 

Syra to Caudia___ 

Syra to Chio (No. 1)--- 

Syra to Chio (No. 2)- 


Date of laying and to¬ 

tal number of cables. 

Number of conduct¬ 

ors. 

Length in nautical 
miles— 

Of cables. 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 

1874 

1 

189.13 

189.13 • 

1861 

1 

64. 00 

64.00 

1882 

1 

503.00 

503.00 

1884 

1 

26.57 

26.57 

(1884 

1 

30.54 

30.54 

}1S90 

1 

31.22 

31.22 

1884 

1 

68.16 

67.00 

1890 

l 

75.45 

75.45 

1884 

1 

57.26 

57.26 

1887 

1 

56.00 

56.00 

1871 

1 

175.00 

175.00 

1873 

1 

81.49 

81.49 

1887 

1 

1.20 

1.20 

1869 

1 

2.00 

2.00 

1869 

1 

7.00 

7.00 

1869 

1 

3.00 

3.00 

1870 

1 

11.00 

11.00 

1870 

1 

7.00 

7.00 

1871 

1 

20. 00 

20.00 

1873 

1 

1.00 

1.00 

1873 

1 

12.00 

12.00 

1873 

1 

3.00 

3.00 

1873 

1 

4.00 

4.00 

1873 

1 

1.00 

1.00 

1879 

1 

13.00 

13. 00 

1880 

1 

9.00 

9. 00 

1881 

1 

8.00 

8.00 

1881 

1 

4.00 

4.00 

1881 

1 

15.00 

15. 00 

1884 

1 

13. 00 

13.00 

1884 

1 

9.00 

9.00 

1884 

1 

6.00 

6.00 

1884 

1 

5.00 

5.00 

1884 

1 

5.00 

5.00 

1884 

1 

24. 00 

24.00 

1884 

1 

13.00 

13.00 

1884 

1 

23.00 

23.00 

1884 

1 

22.00 

22.00 

1884 

1 

20.00 

20. ( 0 

1884 

1 

11.00 

11.00 

1884 

1 

15.00 

15.00 

1884 

1 

4.00 

4.00 

1884 

1 

4.00 

4.00 

1884 

1 

4.00 

4.00 

1884 

1 

12.00 

12.00 

1884 

1 

0 220 

0. 220 

1884 

1 

8.000 

8. 000 

1884 

1 

5.000 

5.000 

1884 

1 

43.000 

43. 000 

1884 

1 

12.000 

12.000 

1885 

1 

0.450 

0.450 

1885 

1 

24.000 

24. 000 

1885 

1 

2.000 

2.000 

1885 

1 

17.000 

17. 000 

1885 

1 

7.000 

7.000 

1885 

1 

9.000 

9.000 

1887 

1 

1.000 

1.000 

1873 

1 

256.000 

256.000 

1878 

1 

134.000 

134.000 

1873 

1 

96.220 

96. 220 

18S5 

1 

90.267 

90.267 






























































































54 

The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued 


Countries. 


7th.— Turkish System. 

Canea to Rettimo (Candia)_ 

Canea to Candia__ 

Rettimo to Candia_ ZZI 

Candia to Sitia (Candia)_ 

Sitia to Rhodes, comprising the sections— 

I. Sitia to Scarpanto_ 

II. Scarpanto to Rhodes_ 

Cliio to Tchesm 6 (Turkey in Asia)_ 

Chios to Tenedos_ 

Tenedos to Lemnos_~~ 

Lemnos to Salonica_ 

Tenedos to Chanac (Anatolia)_ 

Chanac to Kartal (Bosphorus)_ 

Rumilie Hissar to Anatolia Hissar (Bosphorus)_ 

Canea to Candia_ 


8 th.— Ec-ypto-European System. 

Malta to Alexandria (Egypt) (No. 1 )_ 

Malta to Alexandria (Egypt) (No. 2 ) _Z_~ZZZZZZZZ_ZZ" 

Sitia (Candia) to Alexandria_ 

Larnaca (Cyprus) to Alexandria_ ZZZZZZ_” 


9th.—E gyptian System. 


Alexandria to Port Said 


10th.— Egypto-Indian System. 

Suez (Egypt) to Suakim (Soudan) No. 1_ 

Suakim to Perim (Island)__ 

Perim to Aden_ 

Perim to Obock_ 

Perim to Sheikh Seyd_Z_ZZ_Z_ 

Suez to Perim_I_ 

Perim to Aden_’_ZZZ _ Z__Z 

Suez (Egypt) to Aden No. 2 (diverted)ZZ_ZZ_ZZZ_Z_ 

Suez to Suakim_ 

Suakim to Aden_ 

Suez to Suakim No. 2_ 

Suakim to Aden_ 

Suez (Egypt) to Perim_ZZ_ 

Perim to Aden_Z_ 

Aden to Bombay (No. 1)_ 

Aden to Bombay (No. 2)_ 

Aden to Bombay (No. 3)___~__ _ 

Total_ 


Till.—E astern and South African Telegraph Company. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 

Aden to Zanzibar_ 

Zanzibar to Mozambique (No. 1 )_Z" ZZZ 

Zanzibar to Mozambique (No. 2 )_ 

Zanzibar to Mombaza_" 

Zanzibar to Bagamoyo_ 

Bagamoyo to Dar es Salaam_ 

Mozambique to Lourenfo-Marques (Delagoa~Bay)Z__ ~ 
Lourenfo-Marques to Durban (Natal) 

Cape Town to Port Nollotli_ ZZZ_ZZ 

Port Nolloth to Mossamedes’_ 

Mossamedes to Benguela_ 

Benguela to Loanda _ZZZ_Z_ZZ_ZZZ 

Total_ 


Date of laying and to¬ 
tal number of cables. 

i 

Number of conduct¬ 

ors. 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 

S1871 

1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 

.. 1884 

1 

. 1881 

1 

. 1889 

1 

_ 1890 

1 

_ 1890 

1 1 

. 1890 
- 1870 

1 

- 1891 

1 

- 1891 

1 

1890 

1 

_ 1890 

1 

1890 

1 1 

1890 

1 

1870 

1 1 

1877 

1 1 

1891 

1 1 

117 

123 27 

1879 

1 1 

1879 

1 

1885 

1 

1890 

1 

1890 

1 

1890 

1 

1879 

1 

1879 

1 

1889 

1 

1889 

1 1, 

1889 

1 

1889 

1 

12 

12 6, 


Length in.nautical 
miles— 


Of cables. 


34.000 
67.000 
42.000 
66.000 

145.000 

10.000 
8.000 
98.000 
58. 000 
140.000 
31.000 
145. 000 
1.000 
67.000 


928.000 
911.000 
360.000 
328.000 


155.000 


936.000 
597.000 
104.000 
52.029 
8.000 
,331.000 
100.000 

811.000 
794.000 
811.000 
794.000 
,331.000 
100.000 


Of con¬ 
ductors. 


27,453.206 


34.000 
67.000 
42.000 
56.000 

145.000 

10.000 
8.000 
98.000 
58.000 
140.000 
31.000 
145.000 
1.000 
07.000 


928. 000 
911.000 
360.000 
328.000 


155.000 


951.000 
606.000 
108.000 
52.029 
8.000 
1,331.000 
100.000 

811.000 
794.000 
811.000 
794.000 
1,331.000 
100.000 
1, 859. 000 
1,885.000 
1, 850.000 


27, 495.046 


644.000 
686.000 
150.000 
28.000 
47.000 
970.000 
345.000 
433.000 
,052.000 
236.000 
296.000 


1,909.000 
644.000 
686.000 
150. 000 
28.000 
47.000 
970.000 
345. 000 
433. 000 
1,052.000 
236.000 
296.00C 


6,796.000 : 6,796.000 


I 



































































































0O 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


IX.—Eastern Extension, Australasia, and China Telegraph Com¬ 
pany. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 

Madras to Penang_ 

Penang to Delhi_ 

Rangoon to Penang_ 

Penang to Malacca_ 

Malacca to Singapore___ 

Penang to Singapore_ 

Singapore to Saigon (Cochin China)_ 

Haiphong (Tonkin) to Hongkong_ 

Foochow to Hongkong_'_ 

Saigon to Hongkong (China)_ 

Saigon to Tlmanan__ 

Thuanan to Doson_ 

Doson to Haiphong_ 

Hongkong to Macao_ 

Hongkong to Cape Bolinao (Island of Luzon)_ 

Singapore to Batavia (Java)_ 

Singapore to Banjoewangie (Java)_ 

Banjoewangie to Port Darwin (Australia) (No. 1)- 

Banjoewangie to Port Darwin (Australia) (No. 2)- 

Banjoewangie to Roebuck Bay (Australia)_s- 

Flinders, near Melbourne (Victoria), to Low Heads (Tasmania) (No. 1)- 

Flinders, near Melbourne (Victoria), to Low Heads (Tasmania) (No. 2)- 

Sydney to Nelson (New Zealand) (No. 2)- 

Botany Bay, near Sydney (New South Wales), to Blind Bay, near Nelson 
(New Zealand) (No. 1). 

Hongkong to Foochow_ 

Foochow to Shanghai_ 

Total_ 


X.—Anglo-American Telegraph Company. 
Head office, 26 Old Broad street, London, E. C. 
1st.—T ransatlantic System. 

Valentia (Ireland) to Heart’s Content (Newfoundland)- 

Valentia (Ireland) to Heart’s Content (Newfoundland)- 

Minou, near Brest (France), to St. Pierre- 

2nd.—E uropean Communication. 

Salcombe (England) to Brignogan (France)- 

3rd.—C ommunication on American Coasts. 

Heart’s Content to Placentia (Newfoundland)- 

New Brunswick to Prince Edward’s Isle- 

Placentia to St. Pierre- 

St. Pierre to Sydney (Cape Breton)- 

Placentia to Sydney- 

St. Pierre to Duxbury, near Boston (Massachusetts)- 

Sydney (Cape Breton) to Canzo (Nova Scotia)- 

Total- 


XI. —Direct United States Cable Company. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 

Ballinskellig’s Bay (Ireland) to Halifax- 

Halifax to Rye Beach (New Hampshire, U. S.)- 


Date of laying and to¬ 

tal number of cables. 

Number of conduct¬ 

ors. 

Length in nautical 

MILES— 

Of cables. 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 

U870 

1 

1,462.000 ! 

1,462.000 

(1891 

1 i 

1,389.000 1 

1, 389.000 

1891 

1 

162.000 

162.000 

1877 

1 

864.000 

868.000 

1879 

1 

275.000 ; 

275.000 

1879 

1 

116.000 

116.000 

1870 

1 

398.000 

398.000 

1871 

1 

628.000 i 

628.000 

1884 

1 

470.000 

470.000 

1884 

1 

472. 000 

472.000 

1871 

1 

990. 000 

990. 000 

1883 

1 

516.000 

516. 000 

1884 

1 

256.000 

256.000 

1884 

1 

271.000 

271.000 

1884 

1 

37. 000 

37.000 

1880 

1 

529.000 

529.000 

1870 

1 

541.000 

541.000 

1879 

1 

921.000 

921.000 

1871 

1 

1,143. 000 

1,143.000 

1880 

1 

1,124.000 

1,124.000 

1889 

1 

892.000 

892.000 

1809 

1 

180.000 

180.000 

1885 

1 

179.000 

179.000 

1890 

1 

1, 322. 000 

1,322.000 

! 1874 

1 

1,284. 000 

1,284.000 

! 1884 

1 

472.000 

472.000 

1883 

1 

449.000 

449. 000 

27 

27 1 

7,342.000 
. ’ . - 

17,346.000 

(1873 

1 

1,881.29 

1,881.29 

(1874 

1 

1,846.13 

1,846.13 

| 1880 

1 

1,890.49 

1, 890.49 

1869 

1 

2, 717. 62 

2,717.62 

1870 

1 

101.00 

101.00 

51873 

1 

61. 80 

61.80 

J(1880 

1 

61.26 

61.26 

. 1856 

1 

12. 00 

12.00 

1880 

3 

111.96 

335.88 

1880 

3 

187. 11 

561.33 

51873 

1 

320. 63 

320. 63 

(1873 

1 

283.47 

283. 47 

. 1869 

1 

808.69 

808. 69 

.! 1891 

1 

116.55 

116.55 

14 

18 

10,400.00 

14,725.56 

J’74-’7S 

1 

2,564.03 

2, 564. 03 

1875 

1 

535.49 

535.49 

2 

2 

3,099.52 

j 3,099. 52 

t 

t 

"1 


Total 



























































































56 


The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 



O A 

1 




a> 

O 




'g - 2 > 

P 

Length 

IN NAUTICAL 


CS 8 


miles— 


bo** 

G ° 




Countries. 

*r ^ 

^ <D 

O % 








<*-i P 
° 2 

J-t 

a> 

-O 

Of cables 

Of con- 




ductors. 


Q ** 

£ 



XII.—COMPAGNIE FRANfAISE DU Tel£gRAPHE DE PARIS A NEW YORK. 





Head office, 53 bis, Hue de Chaleaudun, Paris. 





Brest (France) to St. Pierre__ 

1879 

i 

2, 281. 65 
828.00 
233. 00 
153. 20 

2, 281. 65 
828. 00 
233. 00 
153.20 

St. Pierre to Cape Cod (Massachusetts) _ 

1879 

i 

St. Pierre to Canzo (Nova Scotia) 

1879 

i 

Deolin, near Brest (France), to Porcella Cove (Cornwall) 

.1 1880 

i 

Total___ 

4 

4 

3,495, 85 





o, oo 

XIII.— Western Union Telegraph Company. 





Head office, 195 Broadioay, New York; London Agency, 352 Gresham House 





Old Broad street, E. C. 





1st. —Transatlantic System. 





Sennen Cove, near Penzance, to Dover Bay, near Canzo (Nova Scotia) 
Northern cable. 

1881 

1 

2,531.00 

2 , 531.00 

Sennen Cove, near Penzance, to Dover Bay, near Canzo, Southern cable_ 

1882 

1 

2,576.00 

2,576. 00 

Dover Bay, near Canzo, to New York 

) 1889 
^ 1889 

1 

888.00 

888 . 00 


1 

F 888.00 

888.00 

2nd.—G ulf of Mexico System. 





Punta Rassa (Florida) to Havana (Cuba), comprising the sections— 





I. Punta Rassa to Key West 

■1868 

<1873 

<1890 

<1890 




II. Key West to Havana 

1 

215. 00 

215. 00 

I. Punta Rassa to Key West 




II. Key West to Havana 

1 

215.00 

215.00 

I. Punta Rassa to Key West 




II. Key West to Havana 

1 

215.00 

215.00 

I. Punta Rassa to Key West 




II. Key West to Havana 

1 

215.00 

215.00 





Total_ . _ 

Q 

Q 

*7 * 1 A Q (\ C \ 





l , (- to . UU 

7, 743. 00 

XIY. —The Commercial Cable Company. 





1 Broadway, New York; 11 Hue d' Alger, Paris; 23 Royal Exchange , 

London, E. G. 





1st. —Communication in Europe. 





Havre to Waterville (Ireland) 

M aterville to V estou-super-Mare (near Bristol) 

1885 

1885 

1 

2 

510.15 

328.8S 

510.15 
657.76 

2nd. —Translantic System. 


Waterville (Ireland) to Oanso (Nova Scotia) 

(1884 

1 

2,350. 36 

2,350.36 


>1884 

1 

2,388.35 

2, 388.35 

3rd. —Communications on the American Coast. 





Canso (Nova Scotia) to New York 




840. 93 
1.037.88 

Canso to Rockport (near Boston).. 


o 

3x1/, Jo 




OIo. 

Total _ _ 

a 



7, 785.43 



o 

o, Uoi. bl 

XV.—Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Company. 

Head office, Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 





Carcavellos, near Lisbon (Portugal), to Madeira S 

1874 

i 

631.00 

631. 00 

Madeira to St. Yincent (Cape Verde Island) ) 

. 

1882 

i 

627.00 

627. 00 

IS 17 ! 

i 

1,209.00 

1,209.00 

1,168. 00 

St. Yincent to Pernambuco (Brazil) S 

1884 

i 

1,168.00 

1874 

i 

1,872.00 

1 , 872.00 

Total 

1884 

i 

1, 862.00 

1,'862.00 


0 

' 

6 

7,369.00 

7, 369.00 • 





































































































57 

The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued. 


Countries. 


XVI—African Direct Telegraph Company. 

Head office , Winchester House, Old Broad street, London, E. C. 

St. Vincent to Santiago (Cape Verde Islands)- 

Santiago to Bathurst (British possession)_ 

Bathurst to Sierra Leone_ 

Sierra Leone to Accra_ 

Accra to Lagos_ 

Lagos to Brass_ 

Brass to Bonny_ 

Total_ 


XVII.—Cuba Submarine Telegraph Company. 


Head office, 58 Old Broad street, London, E. C. 
Batabano (Cuba) to Cienfuegos (Cuba)- 

Cienfuegos to Santiago (Cuba)- 


Total 


XVIII.— West India and Panama Telegraph Company - . 


Head office, Dashwood House, 9 New Broad street, London, E. C. 

Santiago (Cuba) to Holland Bay (Jamaica)- 

Kingston (Jamaica) to Colon (Isthmus of Panama)- 

Holland Bay to St. Juan i Porto Rico)-■- 

St. Juan to St. Thomas-- 

Holland Bay to Ponce (Porto Rico)- 

Ponce to St. Croix_ 

St. Croix to St. Thomas- 

St. Thomas to St. Kitts--- 

St. Kitts to Antigua- 

Antigua to Basse-Terre (Guadaloupe)- 

Basse-Terre to Dominica _ - 

Dominica to Martinique_ 

Martinique to St. Lucia- 

St. Lucia to St. Vincent- 

St. Vincent to Barbados_ 

St. Vincent to Grenada- 

Grenada to Trinidad- 

St. Croix to Port of Spain (Trinidad)--- 

Trinidad to Demerara (English Guinea)- 

Trinidad to Demerara, No. 2- 

Total_ 


XIX.— SOCIICTE FRANfAISE des Telegraphes Sous-marins. 


Head office, 32 Rue Oaumartin, Paris. 

Castillo de Aguadores (Cuba! to Guantanamo (Cuba)- 

Guantanamo (Cuba) to Mole-S. -Nicolas (Haiti)- 

Mole-St.-Nicolas (Haiti) to Cap Haitien (Haiti)- 

Cap Haitien (Haiti) to Puerto-Plata (San Domingo)- 

Puerto-Plata (San Domingo) to Fort tie France (Martinique) 
Fort de France (Martinique) to Paramaribp (Dutch Guiana) 
Paramaribo (Dutch Guiana) to Cayenne (French Guiana) — 
Cayenne (French Guiana) to Vizeu (Brazil)- 


1 • 

O a? 

1 



u 

O 



r3 r* 
fi G 

' 

Length in nautical 

c5 ^ 

G 

miles— 

^0 




0/ 

0 t 



at 




<4-1 — 

O S3 

a 

fi ' w 

(D 

Of cables. 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 

£ 



1884 

1 

194.00 

194.00 

1886 

1 

471.00 

471.00 

1886 

1 

463.00 

463.00 

1886 

1 

1,020.00 

1,020.00 

1886 

1 

261.00 

261.00 

1886 

1 

269. 00 

269.00 

1886 

1 

68.00 

68.00 

7 

7 

2, 746.00 

2,746.00 

<1870 

1 

120. 00 

120.00 

>1891 

1 

140.00 

140. 00 

(1870 

1 

400.00 

400.00 

<1875 

1 

420.00 

420.00 

(1881 

1 

420. 00 

420.00 

5 

5 

1,500.00 

1, 500. 00 

51870 

1 

160.00 

160.00 

(1878 

1 

146.00 

146.00 

1870 

1 

630.00 

630.00 

1870 

1 

683.00 

683.00 

1871 

1 

72.00 

72.00 

1874 

1 

647.00 

647.00 

1875 

1 

135.00 

135.00 

1875 

1 

48.00 

48.00 

1871 

1 

161.00 

161.00 

1871 

1 

49.00 

49. 00 

1871 

1 

73.00 

73.00 

1871 

1 

51.00 

51.00 

1871 

1 

40.00 

4n. 00 

1871 

1 

55.00 

55.00 

1871 

1 

58.00 

58.00 

(1871 

1 

99. 00 

99.00 

>1890 

1 

94.00 

94.00 

1871 

1 

84.00 

84. 00 

4871 

1 

89.00 

89.00 

1875 

1 

541.00 

541. 00 

1871 

1 

298.00 

298.00 

1891 

1 

344.00 

344.00 

22 

22 

4,557.00 

4, 557.00 

1888 

1 

50. 65 

50.65 

1888 

1 

126.76 

126. 76 

51888( 

1 

96.04 

96.04 

/ 1891s 



(1888> 

>18915 

1 

117.83 

117.83 

1891 

1 

787.42 

787. 42 

1890 

1 

777. 23 

777. 23 

1891 

1 

257.53 

257. 53 

1891 

1 

662.32 

662.32 

























































































The Submarine Cables of the World—C ontinued. 


Countries. 


Mole-St.-Nicolas ('Haiti'! to Port-au-Prince (Haiti)_ 

San Domingo to Curasao_ 

Curacao to La Guayra (Venezuela)_I_" 

Fort de France (Martinique to St. Pierre (Martinique)_ 

L'Anse Belleville (Martinique) to St. Pierre (Guadeloupe) 
Gozier (Guadeloupe) to St. Louis (Marie Galante Island).. 

Total_ 


—Western and Brazilian Telegraph Company. 

Head office, 19 Great Winchester street. London, E. C. 

Para (Brazil) toMaranham (Brazil)_ 

Maranham to Ceara (Brazil)_~~_ZI.ZZZ~ZZI_Z_Z~Z 1 

Ceara to Pernambuco (Brazil)_’ 

Pernambuco to Bahia_~_~ 

Bahia to Rio de Janeiro_ 

Rio de Janeiro to Santos_ 

Santos to St. Catherina (Brazil)I_I___ “ ~ 

St. Catherina to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)._~_~ 

Rio Grande do Sul to Montevideo (Uruguay), comprising the sections:— 

I. Rio Grand do Sul to Chuy (Brazil)_ 

II. Chuy to Maldonado (Uruguay)_ 

III. Maldonado to Montevideo (Uruguay) 

Chuy to Montevideo_ 

Total_ 


XXI.— River Plate Telegraph Company. 

Head office, Montevideo. 
Montevideo to Colonia_ 

Colonia to Punta Lara (Argentine Republic)_ 

Total_ 


XXII.— Mexican Telegraph Company. 

Head office, 37 and 39 Wall street, New York. 

Galveston (Texas) to Tampico (Mexico)_ 

Tampico to Vera Cruz (Mexico)_ 

Galveston (Texas) to Coatzacoalcos (Mexico)_ 

Total_ 


XXIII.— Central and South American Telegraph Company. 
Head office, 37 and 39 TU«7Z street, New York. 

First Atlantic System. 


Vera Cruz (Mexico) to Coatzacoalcos (Mexico)_ 

Second Pacific System. 

Salina Cruz (Mexico) to Libertad (Salvador)_ 

Libertad to San Juan del Sur (Nicaragua)_I I. 

San Juan del Sur to Panama_ 

Panama to Buenaventura (Colombia)_ 

Buenaventura to St. Elena (Ecuador)_I 

St. Elena to Payta (Peru)_~~”__ 

Payta to Chorillos, near Callao-Lima (Peru)"..!.!™ 

Chorillos (Peru) to Iquique (Chile)_" 

Iquique to Valparaiso (Chile)_ 

(Land line Valparaiso to Bueno Ayres Arg. 1 200 miles ) 
Total_ * ’ 


Date of laying and to¬ 

tal number of cables. 

1 Number of conduct¬ 

ors. 

Length in nautical 
miles— 

Of cables 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 

1890 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

124. 76 
453.47 
163.37 
14. 86 

101.99 

19.81 

124.76 
453.47 
163.37 
14. 1 6 

101.99 

19. 81 

1891 
<18895 
-- ‘^1890 

1S1889 5 
-R1890) 

H 

14 

3, 754.04 

3, 754.04 


1 

381.00 

— 

381.00 


1 

406. 00 

406. 00 


1 

476.00 

476. 00 


1 

390. 00 

396.00 


1 

837.00 

837.00 


1 

230. 00 

230. 00 


1 

292. 00 

292.00 


1 

394. 00 

394.00 

. |l875 

1 

350. 00 

350.00 


1 

202.00 

202.00 

- 10 

10 

3, 964.00 

3, 964.00 

J 1878 

1 

90.00 

90. 00 

SI 860 

3 

24.00 

72.00 

'71888 

1 

24.00 

24.00 

-i 3 

5 

138.00 

186. 00 

; 1882 

1 

490.00 

490.00 

1 1880 

1 

211.00 

211.00 

1889 

1 

822.00 

822.00 

3 

3 

1,523.00 

1,523.00 

1881 

1 

129.50 

129.50 

1882 

1 

434.50 

434.50 

1882 

1 

269.84 

269.84 

1882 

1 

721.00 

721.00 

1882 

1 

394.00 

394.00 

1882 

1 

486.00 

486.00 

1882 

1 

235.34 

235.34 

1882 

1 

553.00 

553.00 

1891 

1 

747.00 

747.00 

1891 

1 

877.00 

877.00 

10 

10 

4, 847.18 

4, 847.18 































































































































59 

The Submarine Cables of the World— Continued 


Countries. 


XXIV. —West Coast of America Telegraph Company. 

Head office, 121 Cannon street, London. E. C.; General Agency, Plazuelo de 

Miclteo, Lima. 

Cliorillos, near Callao-Lima (Peru) to Mollendo (Peru)_ 

Mollendo to Arica (Peru)___ 

Arica to Iquique (Peru)_ 

Iquique to Antofagasta (Bolivia)_ 

Autofagasta to Caldera (Chile)_ 

Caldera to Serena, near Coquimbo (Chile)_ 

Serena to Valparaiso (Chile)_ 

Total_ 


XXV.— Canadian Pacific Railroad Company. 

Saanich Arm to British Columbia_ 

Vancouver Island to Gabriola Island (British Columbia)_ 

Valdes Island to Port Grey (British Columbia)_ 

Frazer River crossings (two cables)_ 

Vancouver Island to Washington State (U. S.)_ 


C w 
-P <v 

l 

O 



a a 
© 

M's 

3 

•3 

Q 

, 5 ® 

Length in nautical 
miles— 





^ a 

u 



o a 

© 

% rz 

ft 

Of cables. 

Of con¬ 
ductors. 


£ 



1875 

1 

510.08 

510.08 

1875 

1 

146.42 

146.42 

1875 

1 

128.35 

128.35 

1885 

1 

250.50 

250.50 

1S75 

1 

229.00 

229.00 

1876 

1 

215.34 

215.34 

1876 

1 

219.03 

219.03 

7 

7 

1, 698.72 

1,698.72 

1881 

1 

2.00 

2.00 

1881 

1 

1.00 

1.00 

1881 

1 

21.30 

21.30 

1881 

1 

1.00 

1.00 

1884 

1 

17.00 

17.00 

5 

5 

42.30 

42,30 





Total 





































































60 


CABLE RATES. 

Table I.—Atlantic Cables. 

To Great Britain , Ireland, France, and Germany. 

lor messages to places beyond Great Britain, Ireland, France, and Germany, via the Atlantic cables, take 
the follow ing rates per word to London, and add thereto the rates from London given in Tables YI and VII: 


To Great Britain, Ireland, France, and 
Germany. 


From Alabama_ 

Arizona Territory __ 

Arkansas_ 

British Columbia_ 

California_ 

Colorado_ 

•Connecticut_ 

Delaware_ 

District of Columbia 

Florida, Key West _ 

Florida, Pensacola _ 

Florida, other offices 


Georgia. 


Idaho _ 

Illinois_ 

Indiana_ 

Indian Territory_ 

Iowa_ 

Kansas_ 

Kentucky_ 

Louisiana, New Orleans _ 

Louisiana, other offices _ 

Maine_.___ 

Manitoba_ 

Maryland_ 

Massachusetts_ 

Michigan_ 

Minnesota, Dulnth, Minneapolis, and St. 

Paul. 

Minnesota, other offices _ 

Mississippi_ 

Missouri, St. Louis _ 

Missouri, other offices _ 


Rate per 
word. 


0.31 
37 
34 
42 
37 
34 
25 
28 
28 
40 
31 
34 
31 
37 
31 
31 
34 
34 
34 
31 
31 
34 
25 
37 
28 
25 
31 
31 

34 ! 
31 
31 I 
34 i 


To Great Britain, Ireland, France, and 
Germany. 


From Montana_ 

Nebraska_ 

Nevada _ 

New Brunswick_ 

New Hampshire_ 

New Jersey_ 

New Mexico Territory_ 

New York, Brooklyn, Neiv York City, 
and Yonkers. 

New York, other offices _ 

North Carolina_ 

North Dakota_ 

Northwest Territories of Canada_ 

Nova Scotia_ 

Ohio_ 

Oklahoma Territory_ 

Ontario_1_ 


Rate per 
word. 


Oregon_ 

Pennsylvania _ 

Quebec_ 

Rhode lsland__ 
South Carolina _ 
South Dakota _ 

Tennessee_ 

Texas_ 

Utah Territory 

Vermont_ 

Virginia_ 

Washington_ 

West Virginia _ 

Wisconsin_ 

Wyoming_ 


$0. 34 
34 
37 
25 
25 
28 
34 
25 

28 

31 

34 

42 

25 

31 

34 

25 

37 

28 

25 

25 

31 

34 

31 

34 

37 

25 

31 

37 

31 

31 

34 


Table II.—Cuba Cables. 

To Cuba, the West Indies, Centred America, and South America. 

For messages to the West Indies beyond Havana to Central America and South America, via this route 

take the following rates per word to Havana, and add thereto the word rates from Havana, given in 
Table VII: 


To Havana. 


From Alabama_ 

Arizona Territory_ 

Arkansas_ 

British Columbia_ 

California_ 

Colorado_ 

Connecticut_ 

Delaware_ 

District of Columbia __ 

Florida_ 

Georgia _ 

Idaho _ 

Illinois_ 

Indiana_ 

Indian Territory_ 

Iowa_ 

Kansas_ 

Kentucky_ 

Louisiana, New Orleans. 
Louisiana, other offices 

Maine.__ 

Manitoba_ 

Maryland_ 

Massachusetts_ 

Michigan_ 

Minnesota_ 

Mississippi_ 

Missouri, St. Louis _ 

Missouri, other offices 
Montana_1_ 


Rate per 
word. 


To Havana. 


$0.40 | 
50 ! 
50 
60 
50 
50 
40 
40 
40 
30 
40 
50 
40 
40 I 
50 
50 
50 
40 
40 
50 
40 
50 
40 
40 
40 | 
50 I 


50 
50 j 


From Nebraska_ 

Nevada _ 

New Brunswick_ 

New' Hampshire_ 

New Jersey_ 

New Mexico Territory_ 

New York_ 

North Carolina_ 

North Dakota_ 

Northwest Territories of Canada 

Nova Scotia_ 

Ohio_ 

Oklahoma Territory_ 

Ontario_ 

Oregon_' 

Pennsylvania_ 

Quebec_ 

Rhode Island_ 

South Carolina_ 

South Dakota_ 

Tennessee_ 

Texas_ 

Utah Territory_ 

Vermont_ 

Virginia_ 

Washington_ 

West Virginia_ 

Wisconsin_ 

Wyoming_ 


j Rate per 
| word. 

$0. 50 
50 
45 
40 
40 
50 
40 
40 
.50 
60 
45 
40 
50 
45 
50 
40 
45 
40 
40 
50 
40 
50 
50 
40 
40 
50 
40 
40 
50 























































































































































































61 


Table III. —Bahama Cable. 

Jupiter, Fla., to Nassau, Bahama. 


To Nassau. 


Rate per 
word. 


To Nassau. 


Rate per 
word. 


From Alabama_ 

Arizona Territory_ 

Arkansas_ 

British Columbia_ 

California_ 

Colorado_ 

Connecticut_ 

Delaware_ 

District of Columbia_ 

Florida, Key West _ 

Florida, other offices _ 

Georgia _ 

Idaho_ 

Illinois_ 

Indiana_ 

Indian Territory_ 

Iowa_ 

Kansas __ 

Kentucky_ 

Louisiana, New Orleans 
Louisiana, other offices _ 

Maine_ 

Manitoba_ 

Maryland_ 

Massachusetts_ 

Michigan_ 

Minnesota_ 

Mississippi_ 

Missouri, St. Louis _ 

Missouri, other offices _ 

Montana_ 


SO. 35 
45 
45 
55 
45 
45 
35 
35 
35 
40 
30 
35 
45 
35 
35 
45 
35 
45 
35 
35 
45 
35 
45 
35 
35 
35 
45 
35 
35 
45 
45 


From Nebraska_ 

Nevada_ 

New Brunswick_ 

New Hampshire_ 

New Jersey_ 

New Mexico Territory_ 

New York_ 

North Carolina_ 

North Dakota_ 

NortliAvest Territories of Canada 

Nova Scotia_ 

Ohio_ 

Oklahoma Territory_ 

Ontario_ 

Oregon _ 

Pennsyhania_ 

Quebec_ 

Rhode Island_ 

South Carolina_ 

South Dakota_ 

Tennessee_ 

Texas_ 

Utah Territory_ 

Vermont_ 

Virginia_ 

Washington_ 

West Virginia_ 

Wisconsin_ 

Wyoming_ 


SO. 45 
45 
40 
35 
35 
45 
35 
35 
45 
55 
40 
35 
45 
40' 
45 
35 
40 
35 
35 
45 
35 
45 
45 
35 
35 
45 
35 
35 
45 


Table IV.—Central and South American Telegraph Co. 

Via Galveston Route to Central America, South America, and the West Indies. 

For messages to Central and South America and the West Indies, via Galveston, take the following rates per 
word To Galveston, and add thereto the word rates from Galveston, Texas, given in Table VII: 


To Galveston. 

Rate per 
Avord. 

To Galveston. 

• 

Rate per 
word. 


SO. 09 

From Nebraska _ __ 

SO. 09 


10 

Nevada . _ _ _ 

10 


09 

NeAv Brunswick_ _ 

12 


15 

New Hampshire _ _ 

09 


10 

NeAv Jersey __ _ 

09 


09 

New Mexico Territory _ _ _ 

09 


09 

New York __ _ _ 

09 

Delaware _ 

09 

North Carolina_ _ _ 

09 

District of Columbia 

09 

North Dakota_ _ __ 

09 

Florida __ - — - - 

09 

North West Territories of Canada_ 

15 


09 

Nova Scotia- _ - 

12 


10 1 

Ohio _ — - 

09 


09 

Oklahoma Territory - -_ 

09 


09 

Ontario __ — 

12 


09 

Oregon _ . — _ 

10 


09 

Pennsylvania_ __ 

09 


09 

Quebec _ _ - 

12 

Kentucky _ 

09 

Rhode Island _ _ _ _ 

09 

Louisiana, New Orleans - 

05 

South Cai’olina __ _ ___ 

09 

Louisiana, other offices - 

05 

South Dakota __ _ 

09 

Maine - - 

09 

Tennessee _ _ _ -- 

09 

Manitoba --- 

12 

Texas _ _ _ — - 

05 


09 

Utah Territory _ _ __ _ 

10 


09 

Vermont — - 

09 


09 

Virginia _ _ - 

09 


09 

Washington __ _ — 

10 


09 

West Virginia_ _ _ _ 

09 


09 

Wisconsin ___— _________ 

09' 

Montana_ 

09 

Wyoming _ _ _ __ _ — 

09 































































































































































62 

Table V.—Bermuda Cable. 

Halifax, X. S., to Bermuda. 


To Bermuda. 


From Alabama_ 

Arizona Territory_ 

Arkansas _ 

British Columbia_ 

California_ 

Colorado_ 

Connecticut_ 

Delaware_ 

District of Columbia_ 

Florida, Key West _ 

Florida, Pensacola _ 

Florida, other offices _■_ 

Georgia _ 

Idaho_ 

Illinois_ 

Indiana_ 

Indian Territory_ 

Iowa_ 

Kansas_ 

Kentucky__ 

Louisiana, New Orleans _ 

Louisiana, other offices _ 

Maine_ 

Manitoba_ 

Maryland_ 

Massachusetts_ 

Michigan_ 

Minnesota, Duluth, Minneapolis, and St. 

Paid. 

Minnesota, other offices _ 

Mississippi_ 

Missouri, St. Louis _ 

Missouri, other offices _ 


Rate per 
word. 

To Bermuda. 

$0. 87 

From Montana ...... 

93 

Nebraska. 

90 

Nevada _ . 

98 

New Brunswick __ __ 

93 

New Hampshire 

90 

New Jersey.... 

81 

New Mexico Territory ... . 

84 

New York, Brooklyn, New York City, 

84 

and Yonkers. 

96 

New York, other o ffices— _ 

87 

North Carolina 

90 

North Dakota_ 

87 

Northwest Territories of Canada, 

93 

Nova Scotia __ _ 

87 

Ohio . ___ _ 

87 

Oklahoma Territory _ 

90 

Ontario _ _ 

90 

Oregon _ __ 

90 

Pennsylvania__ ' 

87 

Quebec.. _ _ _ _ 

87 

Rhode Island _ _ _ _ 

90 

South Carolina __ 

81 

South Dakota __ . 

93 

Teunessee _ 

84 

Texas _ 

81 

Utah Territory __ 

87 

Vermont 

87 

Virginia__ 

90 

Washington __ 

West Virginia _ _ 

87 

Wisconsin __ _ 

87 

Wyoming _ 

90 


Rate per 
word. 


$0. 90 
90 
93 

81 

81 

84 

90 

81 

84 

87 

90 

98 

81 

87 

90 

81 

93 

S4 

81 

81 

87 

90 

87 

90 

93 

81 

87 

93 

87 

87 

90 


Table YI.—Africa. 

When more than one route is given to the same place, at the same charge, and messages are not specially 
directed via any particular one, they will be forwarded via the best route, at the discretion of the telegraph 
officials. 

To the following “word rates beyond London,” add your rate to London, given in Table I: 


Africa. 


Algeria_ 

Algeira—Yia Eastern_ 

Assab, Red Sea (secret language prohibited)_ 

Benghazi—Telegrams can be posted at Malta. 

Chafarinas (Zafrin Islands)_ 

Egypt—Alexandria__ 

Cairo, Port Said, Suez Canal Stations, and Lower Egvnt 

Suakin, Red Sea__ 

Other offices_ 

Egypt—Yia Eastern. 

Alexandria_ 

Cairo, Port Said, Suez Canal Stations, and Lower Egvpt 

Suakin, Red Sea_ 

Other offices_ ~~~l 

Massowah, Red Sea (secret language prohibited)_ 

Morocco—Alhucemas_ 

Ceuta_ 

Melilla__1111““_“II 

Penon de la Gomera_“III 

Tangiers_ 

Telegrams for other places can be posted at Tangiers 

Obock (Obok), Red Sea_ 

Tripoli (secret language prohibited)_IIIII_ 

Other offices_ 

Tripoli—Via Eastern_"I _I_ “ 

Other offices_ 

Tunisia_H" " 

Tunisia—Yia Eastern_ 


Word rates 
beyond 
London. 


$0.07 

27 

94 

15 

31 

36 
53 

41 

39 

45 

61 

49 

96 

15 

15 

15 

15 

20 

94 

26 

29 

35 

37 
07 
27 






































































































































63 


EAST COAST OF AFRICA, 



Via x 

1 den. 



Word rates 
beyond 
London. 


Word rates 
beyond 
London. 

Bagamoyo 

$1.94 

Malindi 

$2.00 

1.90 

2.16 

1.90 

Dar-es-Salaam _ 

1.94 

Monibassa Island 

Delagoa Bay 

2.16 

Mozambique 

Fort Tuli, Nuanetsi _ 

2.24 

Zanzibar 


SOUTH AFRICA, 

Via Aden, or Lisbon and St. Vincent, or Cadiz and Canaries. 



Word rates 
beyoud 
London. 

Cape Colony 

$2.18 
2.24 
2. 24 
2 .18 
2.24 
2.24 
2.24 
2.14 
2.18 

Charter 

Gaberones 

Griqualand, West __ 

Mochuli _ 

Mocloutsie __ 

Moscheedi__ 

Natal—Durban 

Other offices 



Orange Free State_ 

Palapye_ 

Palla_ 

Ramoutsa_ 

Salisbury_ 

Transvaal_ 

Victoria_ 

Zulu land—Telegrams can 
Etchowe, Natal. 


Word rates 
beyond' 
London. 


$2.18 
2. 24 

2.24 

2.24 

2.24 
2.18 

2.24 


be posted at Greytown or 


WEST COAST OF AFRICA, 

Via Cadiz and Canaries, or Lisbon and St. Vincent. 



Word rates 
beyond 
London. 


Word rates 
beyond 
London. 

Akkra _ 

$1.96 

Loanda 

$2.16 

2.71 

1.61 

Addali _ 

2.00 

Mossamedes 

Bathurst _ 

1 45 

Porto Novo—Kotonou (secret language 
prohibited) 

Pram Pram 

Benguela 

2.49 

1.18 

Bissao_ 

2.00 
1.82 
2.00 
1.67 
2.00 
.47 
1.14 
1.65 
2.00 

Bolama .. 

1.18 

Principe Island of 

Bonny 

2.87 

Quittah 

Brass _ 

2.37 

2.00 

San Thomas (San Thom6), Island of 

Salt Pond 

Cape Coast Castle _ 

Conakry _ _ 

1.20 

Senegal—via. Cadi7. 

Elmiua _ _ 

2.00 


Gaboon _ _ 

1.73 

Sierra Leone 

Grand Bassam __ 

1.31 

Winnebah 

Lagos__ 

2.16 


-*--- 




.WEST COAST OF AFRICA. 


By mail from nearest telegraph station. 


BY MAIL FROM- 


Ajuda _ _ _ 



Akassa. __ 



Ambriz _ 



Ambrizette _ __ 



Apobo __ __ 



Banana _ _ 



Black Point _ 



Boma_ 



Cabinda _ _ _ 



Cameroons _ _ _ __ 



Cape Lopez _ _ 



Degama 



Elobv- __ 



Fernando Po 



Forcadas __ . _ 



French Congo 



Kinsembo 



Kongo District 

_ San Thomas or Loanda __ 


Landana 



Liberia _ __ 



Loango _ _ _ 



Mayumba _ 



Old Calabar _ _ _ 



Spanish Colonies _ _ 



Wvdali _ _ 



Zaire __ _ ___ 































































































































































































64 


Europe, Asia, Australasia, Etc. 


Europe, etc. 


Word rates 
beyond 
London. 


Alboran Island_ 

Annam (secret language prohibited), Hue, Thuan-An and all offices, via Eastern and Indo_ 

Annam via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Annatom Island—Telegrams can be posted at Sydney. 

Arabia—Aden and Perim Island_ 

Djedda, Mecca and all Hedjaz (secret language prohibited)_ 

Maskat—Telegrams can be posted from Gwadur in Baluchistan. Insert before the address 
and charge for the words “Post Gwadur.” Telegrams can also be sent by special boat 
from Jask, in Persia. Insert before the address and charge for the words “Boat Paid 
Jask.” Extra charge for boat hire #13.71 in addition to the rate to Jask. 

Yemen—Hodeida and Sheikh Seyd, via Perim_ 

Ascension Island—Telegrams can be posted at Madeira, Lisbon or Dakar. 

Australia and Tasmania—via Eastern or Indo— 

New South Wales_ 

Queensland_ 

South Australia and Western Australia_ 

Tasmania_ 

Victoria_ 

—via Northern (Siberia)— 

New South Wales_ 

Queensland_ 

South Australia and Western Australia_ 

Tasmania_ 

Victoria_ 

A ustria—Hungary_ 

Azores—Telegrams can be posted at Lisbon. 

Balearic Islands_ 

Bali Island (Dutch East Indies), Boeleleng—via Eastern or Indo_ 

Do. do. —via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Belgium__ 

Baluchistan (South)—Gwadur and offices on coast_ 

Do. do —via Bombay_ 

Baluchistan (North)_ 

Bokhara_ 

Borneo—Telegrams can be posted at Singapore. 

Bosnia. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

Bulgaria. (Secret language prohibited)__I_' 

Burmah (Upper and Lower) Mandalay, Rangoon and all offices east of Chittagong—'via Eastern 
or Indo. 

Canary Islands—Grand Canary, Palma and Teneriffe_ 

Do. —via Lisbon__ 

Cape Vei’de Islands—St. Jago (San Thiago)_ 

St. Vincent_ 

—via Cadiz. 

St. Jago (San Thiago)_ 

St. Vincent_ 

Celebes Island (Dutch East Indies), Maccassar—via Eastern or Indo_ 

Do. do. —via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Ceylon—via Eastern or Indo_ 

Channel Islands. (Same as to United Kingdom.) 

China—via Eastern, Indo or Northern (Siberia). 

Amoy, Fuchau, Gutzlaff, Hongkong and Shanghai_ 

Canton and Macao_ 

All other offices, including Formosa and Pescadore Islands_ 

Cochin China—via Eastern or Indo_ 

—via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Comoro Islands—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Delagoa Bay, Durban” Mozambiciue”or Zanzibar" 
Corsica. (Same as to France.) 

Cyprus_ 

—via Eastern_~~_ _ 

Denmark___ 

England. (See rate to Great Britain, Table I.) 

Falkland Islands—Telegrams can be posted at Montevideo. 

Fiji Islands—Telegrams can be posted at Auckland or Sydney. 

Formosa Island_ 

France. (See Table I ) 

Germany. (See Table I.) 

Gibraltar_ 

Greece and Islands_ 

—via Eastern_ 

Heligoland—Same as to Germany. (See Table I.) ~ 7 

Herzegovina. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

Holland_ 

Hungary_ 

Iceland—Telegrams can be posted at Leith, Scotland. 

India—via Eastern or Indo_ 

Ireland. (See Table I.) ” 

Italy, Sardinia, Sicily_ 

Japan—via Northern (Siberia)_____ I 

—via Eastern or Indo_ 

Java—via Eastern or Indo_ 

—via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Korea—via Northern (Siberia)_~~~~~ ZZZZ __ _ ‘ 

—via Eastern or Indo _ ’ ”” 


# 0.15 
1.43 
2.00 

.92 

.92 


1.06 


1.02 

2.31 

.98 

1.14 

1.00 

2.94 

3.16 

2.90 

3.04 

2.92 

.09 


.15 

1.59 

2.67 

.05 

.88 

1.08 

.98 

.47 


.11 

.13 

1.02 

#0. 29 
1.33 
.84 
.61 

1.04 

.88 

1.59 

2.67 

1.00 


1.71 

1.84 

2.14 

1.24 

2.24 


.31 

.39 

.10 


2.14 


.18 

.13 

.18 

.11 

.07 

.09 

.98 


.07 

1.96 

2.61 

1.47 

2.55 

2.31 

2.31 






































































65 

Europe, Asia, Australasia, Etc.— Continued. 


Europe, etc. 


Word rates 
beyond 
London. 


Labuan Island—Telegrams can be posted at Singapore. 

Luxemburg_ 

Maccassar. (See Celebes Island.) 

Madagascar—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Delagoa Bay, Durban, Mozambique or Zanzibar 
Madeira Island_ 

Madura Island (Dutch East Indies)—via Eastern or Indo_ 

—via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Malay Peninsula— 

Jelebu, via Eastern or Indo, $1.45 ; via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Malacca “ “ 1.37; “ “ 

Perak “ “ 1.27; “ “ 

Selangor “ “ 1.45; “ “ __ 

Sungie-Ujong “ “ 1.41; “ “ 

Malta _”1_IIIIIII_I 

—via Eastern_ 


Mauritius Island—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Durban, Mozambique, or Zanzibar. 
Mayotto Island—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Delagoa Bay, Durban, Mozambique,or Zanzibar. 

Montenegro. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

New Caledonia—Telegrams can be posted at Sydney, Australia. 

New Hebrides—Telegrams cau be posted at Sydney, Australia. 

New Zealand—via Eastern or Indo_ 

via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Norway_ 

Nossi-be Island—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Delagoa Bay, Durban, Mozambique,or Zanzibar. 

Penang—via Eastern or Indo_ 

—via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Perim Island, Red Sea_ 

Persia—Bushire (Persian Gulf)_ 

—Jask (Persian Gulf)_ 

All other offices_ 

All offices on Persian Gulf—via Bombay_ 

Bassidore, Bunder Abbas, Lingah—Telegrams to these places can be sent by special boat 
from Jask. Insert before the address, and charge for the words “Express paid Jask.” 
Extra charge for boat hire in addition to rate to Jask. To Bunder Abbas, $7.84, Bas¬ 
sidore and Lingah, $11.76. 

Code and cipher may be accepted to Bushire, Chiraz, Ispahan, Kirkmanschah, Salmas, 
Tauris, and Teheran. To all other places telegrams must be written in French and 
in plain language. They will be translated at Teheran and forwarded to their destina¬ 
tion in Persian. 

Pescadore Islands—Makong_ 

Philippine Islands—Luzon, Manila, and all offices—via Eastern Indo or Northern (Siberia)_ 

Portugal_ 

Raratonga Island—Telegrams can be posted at Auckland. 

Reunion Island (Bourbon)—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Delagoa Bay, Durban, Mozam¬ 
bique, or Zanzibar. 

Rodriguez Island—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Mozambique, or Zanzibar. 

Roumania. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

Russia in Europe_ 

Caucasus_ 

Asia (Siberia)— 

1st region west of Werkhne Oudinsk_ 

2d do. east do. do. _ 

St. Helena Island—Telegrams can be posted at Madeira. 

St. Marie Island—Telegrams can be posted at Aden, Delagoa Bay, Durban, Mozambique, or 
Zanzibar. 

Samoan Island—Telegrams can be posted at Auckland or Sydney. 

Sardinia _ 

Scotland. (See rate to Great Britain, Table I.) 

Servia. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

Seychelle Islands—Telegrams can be posted at Aden or Zanzibar. 

Siam—via Eastern or Indo. 

Bangkok and all offices—yia Moulmein_ 

Do. do. —via Saigon_ 

—via Northern Siberia_ 

Sicily_ 

Singapore—via Eastern or Indo___ 

—via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Spain—Barcelona, City and Province of—via France and Marseilles cable- 

All other offices, including Balearic Islands—via Eastern or Direct Spanish_ 


Sumatra—via Eastern or Indo__ 
—via Northern (Siberia) 


Sweden_ 

Switzerland--- 

Tahiti Island—Telegrams can be posted at Auckland. 

Tonga Island—Telegrams can be posted at Auckland or Sydney. 

Tonquin—Haiphong and all offices. (Secret language prohibited), via Eastern or Indo 

—via Northern (Siberia)_ 

Turkey in Europe. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

—via Eastern. (Secret language prohibited)- 

Turkey in Asia and Islands. (Secret language prohibited)- 

—via Eastern. (Secret language prohibited)_ 

Wales. (See rate to Great Britain, Table I). 


$0.05 


.29 
1.59 
2.67 

2.53 
2.45 
2. 59 
2.55 
2.51 
.11 
. 18 


. U 


2.49 

3.35 

.10 

1.22 

2.55 

.92 

.59 

.88 

.37 

1.08 


2.14 

2.20 

.14 


.11 

.18 

.24 

.41 

.63 


.10 

.17 


1.10 

1.37 

2.37 
.07 

1.41 
2.35 
.13 
.15 
1.59 
2.67 
. 14 
.05 


1.53 

1.92 

.12 

.18 

.22 

.29 


238 - 5 






























































66 

Table VII. West Indies, Central America, and South America. 


west indies. 

Messages to the West Indies, if not marked via any particular route, 
are forwarded via the lines and cables of the International Ocean Tel¬ 
egraph Go., through Key West and Havana, at the rates given below 
in the second column. Other routes to the West Indies are indicated 
by the headings over the other columns. Offices will be able to trace 
these routes by referring to the map. 


0'S o 

'* % o 
*J .0-] 
< 


o- 
© 

T3 3 * 

r © c3 - 
D 

| ff g 
© *^ © 

© - * 
g.S£ 

CO > rff 
© •«-*-> 
-«-> 01' h 
0! 

G b£ 
ft O cs 

£-> * 
o a 


'^3 <*> 

c JS2 
a 

-♦—> cs 

c o 


VIA CABLES TO WEST INDIES 


To tlie rates below add your 
word rate to Havana given in 
Table II. 


Antigua_ 

Barbados_ 

Cuba—Havana. (See Table il}~_II_III_IIIII_II_ 

Cienfuegos___ 

Santiago (or Santiago"de Cuba, or St. Jago Cuba)! 

Guantanamo*_ 

Manzanillo*_ 

Other offices_ 

Curasao (Island of)_—I—II-IIIIIIIIIII I" 

Dominica_ 

Grenada_~_I _ ~_ 

Guadeloupe. (See note 1)_ 

Haiti—Cape Haitien_ 

Mole St. Nicholas_~ 

Port au Prince_ 


a 

»H g © 

rr■< ? 

» ^ G 

o S O 


CO 

<D 

3 

cj 

« OD 
O 0) 

9 a 

< s 

•2 k 

fl) O 

O 


C« 

ff H 
►> b 

cc 

■s 1 

^ © 
CO 'b 

© g 
£ 


^ © 
rff '•§ 

© 

- ff 
,-ff .ff 

H © 


o 4 * 


23 

o3 . 

-s >* 

n-o 
o K 
© 


q, j bi 
Cj 03 
** CO 


B, 

fl 

co 

U! £ - 

bi—. z 
G ^ c 
© «8 H 

Sm . j co 

H e3 2 

Sw 


*0 
S *< 


cj ^ 
ff '• 

s « 


,3 *°* 

r 9 CO 

^ s> 

i-G e3 
£ 

g * 
H —< o 

o3 J 


, H * © 


G^ 

5 

rO 

© 

b£ k 
o3 © 
tC bl 
G 

§ 8 
</) ©~ 

c • 


rff _ 

bi¬ 


ff „ 
~ H 

—i ^ 

5 

H os > 

kr-( _ 

*5- 


Word rates beyond 
Havana. 


To other places in Haiti charge 25 cents additional for postage. 

Jamaica. (See note 1)—Kingston and Holland Bay_ 

To other places in Jamaica_ 

Marie Galante_ 

Martinique. (See note 1)_II-IIIII_II_IIIII I”II 

Puerto Rico. (See note 1) San Juan_I_I_“HI 

To other places in Porto Rico_ 

St. Christopher or St. Kitts_ 

St. Croix_I~ 

St. Kitts. (See St. Christopher) 

St. Lucia_I_“ _ 

St. Thomas_ 

St. "Vincent_ 

Santo Domingo. (See note 2)_I “ H 

Trinidad. (See note 1)— Port of Spain_ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH. I 

To other places in Trinidad_ 


$1.74 

_ 


81.86 
1.84 

1.76 





20 




50 




04 




04 




04 





$2. 82 


1 58 

1.57 


1. 70 

1.75 



1 82 

1.52 



1. 52 


2 54 


1 9^ 


9 Kd 


i no 


2.54 1_ 

1.25 


(See note 2.) 
74 


77 

1.61 

1.52 

1.47 

1.51 

1.74 

1.61 


CENTRAL AMERICA. J 


Costa Rica. 
Guatemala. 
Honduras. 


(See note below)_ 

(See note below)_ 

(See note below)__ 

San Juan del Sur_ 

Otb er offices_ 

Salvador. (See note below)—La Libertad. 
Other offices_ 


Nicaragua 


SOUTH AMERICA. J 

Argentine Republic_ 

Bolivia. (See note below). 

La Paz_ 

Other offices_ 

Brazil—Aracaju_ 

Bahia_ 


6.55 
6.78 
6.78 
6. 49 
6.55 
6. 71 
6. 78 


1.50 

1.88 

1.88 

1.50 

1.50 


1.58 

1.56 

1.65 


86 

88 


2.42 


3.23 


2. 91 
2.91 


1.61 
1.52 
2.17 
2.17 
1.94 
2. 07 


SI. 

2 . 

2 . 

1. 

1. 

1. 


93 

00 

00 

88 

93 

96 


2.00 


4. 28 

3.63 
4. 28 
4.88 
4.88 


78 
01 

79 
50 

1.91 

1.91 


1.75 


1.55 

1.55 


5-5 

III 

© > 

CO < 




c »• M 

>1 

c 

o 3 S 

to 1- 

ctJ r* sc 

Ocil, 

H G 
D g 

> * 2 


© — 

C %-Z 


$2. 98 
3.42 
2.55 
2.35 
2.05 
2.09 
2.09 
2.09 
3.13 
3.13 
3.40 
3.08 
2. 80 
2.55 
2.80 

1.81 
1.90 
2.80 
3.17 
2.66 
2.72 
2.93 
2.80 

3.24 

2.74 

3.30 

3.05 

3.53 

3.53 


0. 93 
.68 
.68 
.88 
.93 
.63 
.68 


1.41 

1.41 

1.41 

1.41 

1.41 


* Guantanamo and Manzanillo may also be reached bv Cuba Submarinp mido ^ 

beyond Havana, but message, if sent by this route, must be marked “via Cuba ” P61 ' WOrd 

*" e adl ‘ re8S ° f meSSage8 de6 ‘ h,<ili »‘"“ 8 «“'« a»d San 

various routes for which rates^are gt^n^n^hii^^ A The'route^m gCS l a 't\ for '' arded b J tbe 

NoTE.-Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras Costa Rica U S of rowin;. 1 “ ^ thaced ou the map. 

refuse to investigate complaints concerning the transmission or deliver’v < f n '“ ziie l a , Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia 
or to refund the charges >aid therefor, uJer^iZZZoZ ttt?/ 

can, therefore, be accepted only at sender’s risk. The foregoing notice does not appfy^ ^to telegrams des"Sed for- 






















































































































































Table VII.—West Indies, Central America, etc.— Continued. 


WEST INDIES. 

Messages to the West Indies, if not marked via any particular route, 
•are forwarded via the lines and cables of the International Ocean Tel- 
egrapli Co., through Key West and Havana, at the rates given below 
in the second column. Other routes to the West Indies are indicated 
by the headings over the other columns. Offices will be able to trace 
these routes by referring to the map. 


Brazil- 


-Fortaleza (Ceara)_ 

Marauham_ 

Maroim_ 

Natal_”___ 

Para_ 

Parahiba_ 

Pernambuco_ 

Pelotas___~~~ ’ 

Rio de Janeiro_ 

Rio Grande do Sul_ 

Santa Catarina (Destero)_ 

Santos _ 

Sergipe_ 

Other stations north of Rio de Janeiro_ I 

Other stations south of Rio de Janeiro_~ 

British Guiana*—Demerara_ 

Georgetown_ 

Berbice _ 

Chile — Antofagasta_ 

Arica_ 

Iquique_ 

Other offices_ 

Dutch Guiana_ 

Ecuador*—Guayaquil_ 

Santa Elena__' 

Ballenita. (Address messages “Ballenita, St. Elena ”)II~ I_ 
Other offices_ 


◄ 


VIA CABLES TO WEST INDIES. 


To the rates below add your 
word rate to Havana given in 
Table II. 


t-3 > 
at 3 

£ 

0-0 
3 a * 
-2 §.2 

ScT 

c3 

i- g rO 

0 ) C M 
" XJ 

'ts G bf) 

_ O ci 

L«l ^ M 

s s 

.se 

CD 

r—H 

03 _Q 
03 

c o 

Through Key West and Havana. 

No indication of route necessary. 

Through Kingston, and Martinique. 

Mark all messages by this route “ via 

Kingston.” 

Through Colon and Panama. Mark 

all messages by this route “ via Co¬ 

lon.” 

Through Santiago and Haiti. 

Mark all messages by this route 

“ via Haiti.” 

CO 

V 

03 g 3 

}- 2 oS 
_ O T3 

Word rates beyond 

£ >-C 
£ v o 


Havana. 












$1.50 


$2. 91 

$6.13 

$1.55 

1.50 


2.91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.50 


2. 91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.50 


2. 91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.50 


2. 91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.50 

_ 

2.91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.30 


2. 91 

4. 88 

1.55 

1.50 


3. 09 

4. 70 

1.75 

1.50 


2.91 

4. 70 

1.55 

1. 50 


3.09 

4.70 

1.75 

1.60 


3. 09 

4.70 

1.75 

1.50 

_ 

3.09 

4. 70 

1.75 

1.50 


2.91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.50 


2.91 

6.13 

1.55 

1.50 

_ 

3.09 

4. 70 

1.75 


$2.28 



2 37 


2.28 



2 37 


2.30 



2.37 

2.16 



3.49 

2.16 



3.10 


2.16 



3.28 


2.16 



3. 63 




1.74 


1.74 

2.76 


2.21 

2.76 



2 . 21 


2.76 



2.28 


2.76 



2.28 



o 0* 
£ E 


£ cj a 

oq .5 < 
-s c» 
^ 


O « v 

H .*i 

o o .2 

tol-s 

H C5 

.5 a $ 

>3 2 


o 

— pi) 


$1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
3.95 
3.95 
3.95 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
3.61 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 


1.50 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 
2.00 

2.94 
2. 94 
2. 94 
2.94 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 


57f 

57f 


2.36 
2.40 
3. 23 


4.28 
2. 99 
2.63 
2.56 
2.63 
2.99 
2.45 
2.56 
2.92 
2.38 
2.45 
2.99 
2.45 
2. 63 


3. 23 
3.23 
3.23 
3.23 
3.32 


1.96 
2.00 
4. 88 
4.49 
4 .88 
4.49 


2.94 
1.98 
1.75 


Messages to be mailed to places beyond the telegraph lines in Ecuador will hereafter be routed via Guaya¬ 
quil, and mailed therefrom. Messages whose addresses show other mailing routes should be refused. 

French Guiana—Cayenne_ 

Other offices_ 

Paraguay _ 

Peru *—Arequipa_ 

Callao_ 

Chorrillos_ 

no _zz_:_::::::: 

Islay_~__ZZ' 

La Huaca_ 

Lima_ 

Mollendo_ 

Paita_ 

Piura _ 

Puuo_ 

Sultana_” 

Other offices_ 

United States of Colombia*— 

Colon (Aspinwall)_ 

Panama_ 

Buenaventura _ 

Other offices_ 

Uruguay—Fraybentos_”1111 

Montevideo_ 

Paysandu_ 

Other offices_ 

Venezuela*_ 


1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

1.75 

2.00 


4.01 
4.01 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 
1.41 

.88 

.88 

1.00 

1.05 

1.41 

1.41 

1.41 

1.41 

3.55 


La Libertad, Colon, Panama, and Buenaventura, in the U. S. of Colombia ; Guayaquil and St. Elena, in Ecuador • 
Callao, Lima, Mollendo, and Paya, in Peru. ’ ’ 

* See Note 1, Table VII. * See Note, Table VII. 

fRate from Western Union offices in Louisiana and Texas to Havana, on messages to Colon and Panama is 
36 cents per word. ’ 


















































































































































































I 































































































. 


































































' 


































































































































































































